Multidimensional printer

A multidimensional printer for making a multidimensional structure from a liquid composition, the multidimensional printer comprising:

• an energetic crosslinking particle source that produces energetic crosslinking particles;
• a vacuum chamber in vacuum communication with the energetic crosslinking particle source and that receives the energetic crosslinking particles from the energetic crosslinking particle source and communicates the energetic crosslinking particles to a membrane;
• the membrane in particle communication with the vacuum chamber and comprising a barrier layer and a transmission layer disposed on the barrier layer, wherein a portion of the membrane has some of the transmission layer in an absence of the barrier layer for transmission of the energetic crosslinking particles through the transmission layer without being obstructed by the barrier layer, such that the membrane:
• receives the energetic crosslinking particles from the vacuum chamber;
• blocks, by the barrier layer, the energetic crosslinking particles from being further communicated in the multidimensional printer;
• and
• transmits, by the transmission layer, the energetic crosslinking particles for further communication in the multidimensional printer;
• and
• a sample chamber in communication with the membrane and that:
• receives a liquid composition that comprises a solvent and a plurality of polymers disposed in the solvent, the polymers comprising a cross-linkable moiety;
• receives the energetic crosslinking particles communicated from the transmission layer of the membrane;
• and
• subjects the cross-linkable moieties of the polymers to the energetic crosslinking particles such that portions of the polymers proximate to the cross-linkable moieties subjected to the energetic crosslinking particles crosslink to form a solid crosslinked polymer structure,
• wherein the membrane isolates a vacuum of the vacuum chamber from vapor of the liquid composition in the sample chamber;
• and
• a shadow mask interposed between the energetic crosslinking particle source and the membrane and that receives the energetic crosslinking particles from the energetic crosslinking particle source and communicates the energetic crosslinking particles to the membrane,
• wherein the shadow mask selectively controls transmission of the energetic crosslinking particles through the shadow mask via apertures disposed in the shadow mask.