Method and device for reconstructing a backscattered electromagnetic vector wave

A device for reconstructing an electromagnetic vector wave backscattered in all or part of an optical fiber, said device comprising:

• A light source configured to generate a light signal of a frequency v0, suitable for injection into the optical fiber,
• An optical separation means configured to generate at least two orthogonally polarized backscattered light signals, producing a beat of a frequency vA, from a backscatter of the injected light signal and an electromagnetic wave from a local oscillator,
• At least two photodetectors, configured to convert the orthogonally polarized backscattered light signals into initial analog signals,
• An IQ demodulator arranged to perform an electrical homodyne detection, for IQ demodulating each of the initial analog signals so as to generate I (I1, I2) and Q (Q1, Q2) demodulated analog signals for each of the orthogonally polarized backscattered light signals, and
• A processing module configured to reconstruct the electromagnetic vector wave backscattered in all or part of the optical fiber from the I (I1, I2) and Q (Q1, Q2) demodulated analog signals generated.