Battery having a low output voltage

An electrochemical battery cell comprising an anode having a primary anode active material, a cathode having a primary cathode active material, and an ion-conducting electrolyte in ionic contact with said anode and said cathode, wherein the electrochemical battery cell has an initial output voltage, measured at 10% depth of discharge, from a lower limit of 0.3 volts to an upper limit of 0.8 volts, and a final output voltage Vf measured at a depth of discharge no greater than 90%, wherein a voltage variation, (Vi−Vf)/Vi, is no greater than ±10% and a specific capacity between Vi and Vf is no less than 100 mAh/g or 200 mAh/cm3 based on the primary cathode active material weight or volume, and wherein said primary anode active material is selected from aluminum (Al), and wherein said primary cathode active material is selected from a metal oxide, metal phosphate, metal sulfide, an inorganic material, or a metal or semi-metal different than said primary anode active material and said metal or semi-metal in said cathode is selected from tin (Sn), bismuth (Bi), antimony (Sb), indium (In), tellurium (Te), phosphor (P), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), zinc (Zn), titanium (Ti), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), vanadium (V), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), sulfur (S), selenium (Se), or a combination thereof, and further wherein said electrolyte is selected from aqueous, organic, polymeric, or solid state electrolyte, not including ionic electrolyte.