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US 11,699,783 B2Granted
Protective layers for metal electrode batteries
AssigneeCornell University
InventorsLynden A. Archer, Zhengyuan Tu, Snehashis Choudhury, Shuya Wei, Qing Zhao
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Abstract
Hybrid electrodes for batteries are disclosed having a protective electrochemically active layer on a metal layer. Other hybrid electrodes include a silicon salt on a metal electrode. The protective layer can be formed directly from the reaction between the metal electrode and a metal salt in a pre-treatment solution and/or from a reaction of the metal salt added in an electrolyte so that the protective layer can be formed in situ during battery formation cycles.
Claims20
A rechargeable battery comprising:
- a liquid electrolyte comprising a solvent and a metal salt comprising a halide, a phosphate, or a bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (TFSI) salt of Sn, In, Si, Al, Mg, or Ge;
- and
- a hybrid electrode, wherein the hybrid electrode includes an electrochemically active protective layer configured to be (a) electrochemically active and (b) disposed directly on an electrochemically active metal electrode, wherein the electrochemically active protective layer comprises a metal or a metalloid, wherein the metal or the metalloid comprises Sn or In,
- wherein the protective layer is further configured to reversibly accommodate ions in an intercalation formation, an alloy formation, or both.
1 more element
A rechargeable battery comprising:
- a liquid electrolyte comprising a solvent and a metal salt;
- and
- a hybrid electrode,
- wherein the hybrid electrode includes an electrochemically active protective layer configured to be electrochemically active and disposed directly on an electrochemically active metal electrode,
- wherein the electrochemically active protective layer consists of Sn, In, Si, Al, Mg, or Ge, and
- wherein the electrochemically active protective layer is further configured to reversibly accommodate ions in an intercalation formation, an alloy formation, or both.
3 more elements
A rechargeable battery comprising:
- a liquid electrolyte comprising a solvent, a first metal salt, and a second metal salt comprising a halide, a phosphate, or a bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (TFSI) salt of Sn, In, Si, Al, Mg, or Ge;
- and
- a hybrid electrode,
- wherein the hybrid electrode includes an electrochemically active protective layer configured to be electrochemically active and disposed directly on an electrochemically active metal electrode comprising substantially metallic lithium or metallic sodium,
- wherein the electrochemically active protective layer comprises a metal or a metalloid selected among Sn or In, and wherein the electrochemically active protective layer is further configured to reversibly accommodate ions in an intercalation formation, and
- wherein the hybrid electrode is further configured to have a surface diffusion barrier of less than 2 kBT.
3 more elements
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.