Vertical counterforce loading device for large-tonnage soil material load test and loading method thereof

A vertical counterforce loading device for a large-tonnage soil material load test, comprising a concrete support member, four transfer components, four connection components, a vertical force transmission component and a load test soil layer, wherein

• the concrete support member is formed by pouring and concreting below the load test soil layer;
• the four transfer components are divided into two groups to be symmetrically and parallelly anchored in the concrete support member;
• a first end of a given connection component of the four connection components is connected to a given transfer component of the four transfer components, and a second end of the given connection component of the four connection components is connected to the vertical force transmission component;
• and
• the vertical force transmission component comprises a load plate, a jack, a primary beam and two secondary beams arranged in sequence such that the load plate is at a bottom of the sequence, the jack is above the load plate, the primary beam is above the jack and the two secondary beams are above the primary beam and are at a top of the sequence, wherein the load plate is installed on the load test soil layer, the two secondary beams are connected crosswise to both ends of the primary beam, and end portions of the two secondary beams are respectively connected to second ends of respective two connection components of the four connection components through reinforcement components.