Quaternary ammonium salt compound, preparation method therefor and use thereof

A compound of formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a stereoisomer thereof, or a solvate thereof, or a metabolite thereof:

• wherein,
• X and Y are independently selected from O, S, and NR10, in which R10 is H, deuterium, or C1-4 alkyl;
• Z− is a pharmaceutically acceptable anion;
• R1 is an aryl substituted by a n1 R11 group;
• R2 is an aryl substituted by a n1′ R11′ group;
• wherein, n1 and n1′ are independently selected from an integer of 0 to 4, and R11 and R11′ are independently deuterium, C1-4 alkyls, C1-4 alkoxys, halogen, nitro, cyano, hydroxyl, carboxyl, amino, thiol, and ester group;
• with the proviso that when one of R3 and R4 is C1 alkyl, the other is a C1-4 alkyl;
• with the proviso that when one of R3 and R4 is C2 alkyl, the other is selected from C1, C3, C4 alkyls;
• with the proviso that when one of R3 and R4 is C3 alkyl, the other is selected from C3-4 alkyls;
• with the proviso that when one of R3 and R4 is C4 alkyl, the other is C4 alkyl;
• L1 is a substituted or unsubstituted C1-14 alkylenyl;
• wherein the main chain of said alkylenyl contains 0-4 heteroatoms, and said heteroatoms are selected from O, S, and NR12, in which said R12 is selected from hydrogen, deuterium, C1-4 alkyls, and C1-4 alkoxys;
• said substituent is deuterium, a C1-4 alkyl, a C1-4 alkoxy, and a halogen;
• wherein, when the dashed line in formula I is none, L2 is selected from hydrogen, deuterium, substituted or unsubstituted C1-8 alkyls, and substituted or unsubstituted C1-8 alkoxys, in which said substituent is deuterium, a C1-4 alkyl, a C1-4 alkoxy, or a halogen;
• and
• wherein, when the dashed line in formula I is a bond, L2 is a substituted or unsubstituted C1-8 alkylenyl, in which the substituent is deuterium, a C1-4 alkyl, a C1-4 alkoxy, or a halogen.