Techniques for managing scale formation in water filtration systems and a reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) system implementing same

A filter system comprising:

• at least one inlet fluidly coupled to at least one feed stream;
• at least one filter membrane fluidly coupled to the at least one inlet to receive feed water from the at least one feed stream;
• at least one pump configured to generate a pressure to displace the feed water from the at least one feed stream into the at least one filter membrane and produce an output permeate stream;
• and
• a controller configured to:
• cause a first driving signal to be provided to the at least one pump to cause the generated pressure at the at least one filter membrane that exceeds an osmotic pressure associated with the at least one filter membrane and substantially maintain a first target recovery rate, the first target recovery rate being greater than a maximum non-scaling recovery rate for the at least one filter membrane and having an associated duration of time prior to when a pre-antiscalant maximum non-scaling recovery state is reached for the at least one filter membrane;
• determine when the pre-antiscalant maximum non-scaling recovery state is reached for the filter membrane;
• and
• in response to determining the pre-antiscalant maximum non-scaling recovery state is reached, cause one or a plurality of antiscalant doses to be provided to the filter membrane to increase an amount of time between when a post-antiscalant maximum non-scaling recovery state is reached and when subsequent scaling and/or fouling of the filter membrane occurs.