Chip-scale resonant gyrator for passive non-reciprocal devices

A method comprising:

• operating an integrated circuit device comprising a first metal electrode disposed on a semiconductor substrate, the first metal electrode having a first lead, a piezoelectric layer disposed on the first metal electrode, a second metal electrode disposed on a first end of the piezoelectric layer opposite the first metal electrode, the second metal electrode having a second lead, wherein the first lead and the second lead form an electrical port, a magnetostrictive layer disposed on the second metal electrode and on a second end of the piezoelectric layer, and a metal coil having a magnetic port, the metal coil disposed on a second end of the magnetostrictive layer that corresponds to the second end of the piezoelectric layer, wherein operating the integrated circuit device comprises:
• causing a magnetic field to form within the magnetostrictive layer in response to an alternating current (AC) current applied at the magnetic port;
• causing, in the magnetostrictive layer, the magnetic field to translate into a time-varying strain within the piezoelectric layer;
• and
• inducing, by the first and second metal electrodes, a current at the electrical port in response to, and based on, the time-varying strain in the piezoelectric layer.