Broadband stacked patch antenna array

A stacked patch antenna array comprising:

• a conductive ground plane configured to connect to a plurality of electrical transmission lines for transmitting and/or receiving electrical signals;
• a driven layer adjacent to the conductive ground plane formed of a dielectric material and comprising a plurality of first resonant circular patches, each electrically connecting to a respective electrical transmission line such that a received electrical signal excites and generates an electromagnetic signal and/or a received electromagnetic signal excites and generates an electrical signal;
• an electrically insulating spacer adjacent to the driven layer;
• and
• a coupled layer adjacent to the electrically insulating spacer formed of a dielectric material and comprising a plurality of second resonant circular patches which are symmetrically positioned with respect to the first circular resonant patches of the driven layer and excited by the electromagnetic waves generated by the first resonant circular patches,
• wherein the electrically insulating spacer electrically separates the driven layer and the coupled layer having a thickness such that the resonances of the first and second resonant circular patches constructively combine, and
• each of the conductive ground plane, the driven layer, the electrically insulating spacer and the coupled layer includes one or more location holes for which a wire or a pin is fed through the locations holes to align them as they are joined and/or compressed together, and after their joining and/or compression, the wire or the pin is removed.