Porous silicon-containing composite, carbon composite using the same, and electrode, lithium battery and electronic device each including the same

A porous silicon-containing composite comprising:

• a porous core comprising a porous silicon composite secondary particle;
• and
• a shell on at least one surface of the porous core, the shell comprising a first graphene,
• wherein the porous silicon composite secondary particle comprises an aggregate of
• a first primary particle comprising silicon,
• a second primary particle comprising a structure, and
• a second graphene on at least one surface of the first primary particle and the second-primary particle,
• wherein at least one of a shape and a degree of oxidation of the first primary particle and the second primary particle are different,
• wherein the second graphene has about 1 to about 30 layers, and is disposed on the first primary particle, and
• the second graphene has about 1 to about 5 layers, and is disposed on the second primary particle, and
• wherein the second graphene disposed on the second primary particle is in a form of flakes and the first graphene is disposed on the second graphene.