Methods of manufacturing liquid lenses

A method of forming a liquid lens, comprising the steps of:

• positioning a first substrate defining a hole over a second substrate, wherein a cavity is defined above the second substrate and aligned with the hole;
• dispensing a second liquid into the cavity defined above the second substrate;
• positioning a dispenser having a dispensing end over the second liquid;
• capping the second liquid with a first liquid dispensed through the hole, wherein the first liquid that caps the second liquid is dispensed in one drop from the dispensing end, and the first liquid and the second liquid have different refractive indices than each other;
• and
• translating at least one of the first substrate or the second substrate such that the hole is not aligned with the cavity.

A method of forming a liquid lens, comprising the steps of:

• positioning a first substrate defining a hole over a second substrate, wherein a cavity is defined within the second substrate and aligned with the hole, a gap extends between the first substrate and the second substrate, and a polar fluid is disposed in the gap between the first substrate and the second substrate;
• dispensing a second liquid into the cavity defined above the second substrate;
• capping the second liquid with a first liquid dispensed through the hole, wherein the first liquid and the second liquid have different refractive indices than each other;
• and
• translating at least one of the first substrate or the second substrate such that the hole is not aligned with the cavity.