Implant surfaces that enhance osteoinduction

An orthopedic implant having osteoinducting bone-contacting surfaces, produced according to a process comprising:

• additively manufacturing an orthopedic implant having one or more free surfaces and having one or more bone-contacting surfaces adapted to be placed in contact with bone, wherein the additively manufacturing imparts a macro-scale roughness on the one or more bone-contacting surfaces to inhibit movement of the orthopedic implant when the bone-contacting surfaces are placed in contact with bone;
• masking at least one of the one or more free surfaces;
• and
• then mechanically, chemically, or mechanically and chemically eroding the one or more bone-contacting surfaces, but not the masked at least one of the one or more free surfaces, to impart an osteoinducting roughness comprising micro-scale structures and nano-scale structures onto the one or more bone-contacting surfaces, wherein the macro-scale roughness overlaps with the micro-scale structures and the nano-scale structures on the one or more bone-contacting surfaces and wherein the micro-scale structures and the nano-scale structures are dimensioned to avoid digging into the bone and are in a pattern that is oriented opposite to a biologic force to be applied to the implant upon implantation, and
• after mechanically, chemically or mechanically and chemically eroding the one or more bone-contacting surfaces, removing the masking and passivating the one or more bone-contacting surfaces using an aqueous solution comprising nitric acid to produce bone-contacting surfaces free of contaminants and added surface materials.

An orthopedic implant having osteoinducting bone-contacting surfaces and osteoinducting free surfaces, produced according to a process comprising:

• vertically additively manufacturing an orthopedic implant in an inert environment by depositing an initial material layer to form a first exterior side of the orthopedic implant not intended to contact bone, depositing and sintering successive material layers having edges that form bone-contacting surfaces that define a top and a bottom of the orthopedic implant adapted to be placed in contact with bone, and depositing a final material layer to the successive material layers to form a second exterior side of the orthopedic implant not intended to contact bone;
• following additively manufacturing the orthopedic implant, hot isostatic pressing the orthopedic implant at a temperature and pressure sufficient to collapse inclusions present within the implant body;
• and
• then mechanically, chemically, or mechanically and chemically eroding the one or more bone-contacting surfaces and the one or more free surfaces, to impart an osteoinducting roughness comprising micro-scale structures and nano-scale structures that are different than teeth onto the one or more bone-contacting surfaces and the one or more free surfaces.