Device, system and method for determining an emotional state of a user

A device wearable by or attachable to a user during an activity by the user, the device for determining and communicating an estimated future emotional state of the user based on an emotion-induced cortisol estimation during the activity by the user, the device comprising:

• an interface circuit,
• wherein, when the device is worn by or attached to the user during the activity by the user, the interface circuit is configured to obtain a psychophysiological signal trace indicative of one or more measured stimulus responses, and
• wherein the one or more measured stimulus responses correspond to a neural stress response;
• a processing circuit,
• wherein, when the device is worn by or attached to the user during the activity by the user, the processing circuit, during the activity by the user, is configured to:
• process the psychophysiological signal trace,
• determine the one or more stimulus responses indicated in the psychophysiological signal trace,
• determine a first contribution to an estimated future cortisol level trace based on the one or more determined stimulus responses indicated in the psychophysiological signal trace,
• determine a second contribution to the estimated future cortisol level trace based on one or more anticipated future stimulus responses, and
• determine the estimated future emotional state of the user based on the first contribution to the estimated future cortisol level trace and the second contribution to the estimated future cortisol level trace;
• and wherein the device wearable by or attachable to the user is configured to communicate the estimated future emotional state of the user to effect a modification in the activity of the user when the estimated future emotional state of the user indicates an overstimulated state of the user in response to the activity by the user;
• where the communication includes advice to the user to cease performing the activity during a period where the estimated future emotional state of the user indicates the overstimulated state;
• where the communication includes a warning detailing a duration of the period of the overstimulated state;
• where the device includes one or more of:
• (1) a smartwatch configured to be worn by or attached to the user, or (2) a band into which the device is placed, the band configured to be worn around or attached to a hand, wrist, foot, or ankle of the user.