Small molecule AMPK activators

A compound of Formula II:

• wherein:
• X is —O—CH2—;
• Z is CH2;
• at least one of R1 and R2 is −(CHRA)b—Y, wherein each RA is independently H;
• and b is 1;
• the remaining one of R1 and R2 is (CH2)−Y;
• and
• each Y is independently phenyl or substituted phenyl;
• R3 is phenyl substituted by one
• wherein
• A is —(C(RB)2)d—, wherein each RB is independently selected from H, D, halogen, OH, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, and substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy;
• d is 0;
• and
• B is selected from the group consisting of haloalkyl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclyl, unsubstituted heterocyclyl, and unsubstituted heteroaryl;
• or a stereoisomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof.