# US 11,661,188 B2 · Unmanned aerial vehicle and protective outer cage therefor

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- Number: US 11,661,188 B2
- Document ID: US11661188B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 16/097,745
- Filed: 2017-05-01
- Published: 2020-06-18
- Granted: 2023-05-30
- Earliest claimed: 2016-04-30
- Assignees: Flyability SA
- Applicants: Flyability SA
- Inventors: Adrien Briod; Ludovic Daler; Arnaud Garnier; Joel Cugnioni; Pierre-Etienne Bourban; Veronique Michaud
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11661188B2

## CPC

- B64U 10/13: Flying platforms
- B64C 1/08: Geodetic or other open-frame structures
- B64C 17/00: Aircraft stabilisation not otherwise provided for
- B64U 30/299: Rotor guards (ducted or shrouded rotors B64U30/26; guards used as ground propulsion B64U60/60)
- B64C 27/006: {Safety devices}
- B64U 30/26: Ducted or shrouded rotors
- B64U 2101/31: for surveillance
- B64U: UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64C: AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS

## Abstract

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) including a flight propulsion system and a support system coupled to the flight propulsion system, the support system comprising a protective outer cage configured to surround the flight propulsion system, wherein the outer cage comprises a plurality of cage frame modules that are manufactured as separate components and assembled together to form at least a portion of the outer cage configured to surround the flight propulsion system.

## Claims

### Claim 1

An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) including a flight propulsion system and a support system coupled to the flight propulsion system, the support system comprising a protective outer cage comprising a plurality of beams connected together configured to surround the flight propulsion system, wherein said beams comprise a structural resistance core providing a principal mechanical resistance of the beam and a stress distribution layer mounted on at least a side of the structural resistance core facing an outer side subject to impact with external objects, said stress distribution layer having a Young's modulus less than 50% of the Young's modulus of the structural resistance core, wherein the stress distribution layer is provided with a thickness h that is in a range of 3% to 30% the thickness or diameter D of the structural resistance core (0.03<h/D<0.3).

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The UAV according to claim 1, wherein the outer cage comprises a suspension system configured to couple the flight propulsion system, or an inner support structure of the UAV on which the flight propulsion system is mounted, wherein the relative elasticity of the outer cage and the suspension system satisfies the following relationships:
P, <C, <10 P, and P, <S, <10 P, where
P, is a ratio of compression displacement d of the outer cage for a pre-buckling force F,
C, is a ratio of compression/traction displacement c of the suspension system for said pre-buckling force F applied between said outer cage and said flight propulsion system or inner support structure, and
S, is a ratio of tangential or shear displacement s of the suspension system for said parbuckling force F applied between said outer cage and said flight propulsion system or inner support structure,
the magnitude of the pre-buckling force F being selected in a range of 50% to 90% of a magnitude of a force that may be applied to the outer cage before a buckling of one or more beams of said plurality of beams of the outer cage.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The UAV according to claim 2, wherein the relative elasticity of the outer cage and the suspension system satisfies the following relationships: 2P, <C, <5P, and 2P, <S, <5P.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The UAV according to claim 1, wherein the outer cage comprises a plurality of cage frame modules that are manufactured as separate components and assembled together to form at least a portion of the outer cage configured to surround the flight propulsion system, each cage frame module comprising a plurality of said beams.

### Claim 5 (depends on 4)

The UAV according to claim 4, wherein at least some of the cage frame modules form a first polygon shape beam structure, wherein the outer cage comprises a suspension system configured to elastically couple the flight propulsion system, or an inner support structure of the UAV on which the flight propulsion system is mounted, to the outer cage, the suspension system comprising at least two cage frame suspension modules, each cage frame suspension module comprising a polygon shape beam structure identical to said first polygon shape beam structure of said at least some of the cage frame modules to allow the cage frame suspension modules to be assembled with the cage frame modules to form the outer cage.

### Claim 6 (depends on 5)

The UAV according to claim 5, wherein the cage frame suspension module comprises frame connection beams forming a polygonal frame connection beam structure connected at the corners of the polygonal frame connection beam structure to radial beams that join together at the other ends of the radial beams, and a suspension element made of a more elastic material than the material of the frame connection and radial beams, the suspension element mounted on an inner side of the cage frame suspension module and comprising radial suspension beams connected to each corner of the polygonal frame connection beam structure and joining together at a bearing support portion configured to be coupled to the propulsion system or inner support structure.

### Claim 7 (depends on 4)

The UAV according to claim 4, wherein said plurality of cage frame modules are manufactured as separate components and assembled together to form at least a portion of the outer cage configured to surround the flight propulsion system, said plurality of beams forming each cage frame module comprising beams that form a polygon shape beam structure, wherein each cage frame module further comprises radial beams that interconnect corners of the polygon shape beam structure to a central joining part at another end of the radial beams, the polygon shape beam structure and radial beams forming a single integrally formed part.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The UAV according to claim 7, wherein radial suspension beams of the cage frame suspension module, or a portion of radial suspension beams of the cage frame suspension module, comprise a material that has a lower Young's modulus than the material of the beams of the cage frame modules.

### Claim 9 (depends on 4)

The UAV according to claim 4, wherein said cage frame modules are coupled together by frame module connectors, wherein the frame module connectors are configured to separate under a bending strain of between 70% and 90% of a bending strain of rupture of one or more of said plurality of beams.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The UAV according to claim 9, wherein the frame module connectors are pluggable and configured to unplug under a bending strain of between 70% and 90% of a bending strain of rupture of one or more of said plurality of beams.

### Claim 11 (depends on 1)

The UAV according to claim 1 wherein said stress distribution layer has a Young's modulus less than 10% of the Young's modulus of the structural resistance core.

### Claim 12 (depends on 1)

The UAV according to claim 1 wherein the thickness or diameter of the structural resistance core said stress distribution layer is provided all around the structural resistance core, or only partially around the structural resistance core facing an outer side of the outer cage.

### Claim 13 (depends on 1)

The UAV according to claim 1 wherein, said stress distribution layer is comprises a material selected from a group consisting of Thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), Thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO), polyurethane, toughened epoxy, rubber, expanded polypropylene (EPP), polyimide (PA), polypropylene (PP), silicone polymer, and combinations of these materials.

### Claim 14 (depends on 1)

The UAV according to claim 1 wherein an inner support structure of the support system couples the protective outer cage to the flight propulsion system, the inner support structure comprising a gimbal system.

### Claim 15 (depends on 1)

The UAV according to claim 1, further comprising a damping mechanism included in a suspension system, the damping mechanism characterized by a damping ratio zeta=Ds/(2*sqrt(Cf*Mt)) greater than 0.3, where Ds is the damping in N/(m/s) of the suspension system, Mi is the combined mass of the inner support structure and flight propulsion system, and Cf is a ratio of compression/traction displacement c of the suspension system for a pre-buckling force F applied between said outer cage and inner support structure.

### Claim 16 (depends on 15)

The UAV according to claim 15, wherein the damping ratio zeta is in a range 0.4<zeta<0.6.

### Claim 17

An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) including a flight propulsion system and a support system coupled to the flight propulsion system, the support system comprising a protective outer cage comprising a plurality of beams connected together configured to surround the flight propulsion system, wherein the outer cage comprises a suspension system configured to couple the flight propulsion system, or an inner support structure of the UAV on which the flight propulsion system is mounted, wherein the relative elasticity of the outer cage and the suspension system satisfies the following relationships:
P, <C, <10P, and P, <S, <10P, where
P is a ratio of compression displacement d of the outer cage for a pre-buckling force F,
C, is a ratio of compression/traction displacement c of the suspension system for said pre-buckling force F applied between said outer cage and said flight propulsion system or inner support structure, and
S, is a ratio of tangential or shear displacement s of the suspension system for said pre-buckling force F applied between said outer cage and said flight propulsion system or inner support structure,
the magnitude of the pre-buckling force F being selected in a range of 50% to 90% of a magnitude of a force that may be applied to the outer cage before a buckling of one or more beams of said plurality of beams of the outer cage, wherein the outer cage comprises a plurality of cage frame modules that are manufactured as separate components and assembled together to form at least a portion of the outer cage configured to surround the flight propulsion system, each cage frame module comprising a plurality of said beams wherein at least some of the cage frame modules form a first polygon shape beam structure, and wherein the outer cage comprising the suspension system is configured to elastically couple the flight propulsion system, or an inner support structure of the UAV on which the flight propulsion system is mounted, to the outer cage, the suspension system comprising at least two cage frame suspension modules, each cage frame suspension module comprising a polygon shape beam structure identical to said first polygon shape beam structure of said at least some of the cage frame modules to allow the cage frame suspension modules to be assembled with the cage frame modules to form the outer cage.

### Claim 18 (depends on 17)

The UAV according to claim 17, wherein the relative elasticity of the outer cage and the suspension system satisfies the following relationships:
2P, <C, <5 P, and 2P, <S, <5 P.

### Claim 19 (depends on 17)

The UAV according to claim 17, wherein said cage frame modules are coupled together by frame module connectors, wherein the frame module connectors are configured to separate under a bending strain of between 70% and 90% of a bending strain of rupture of one or more of said plurality of beams.

### Claim 20 (depends on 19)

The UAV according to claim 19, wherein the frame module connectors are pluggable and configured to unplug under a bending strain of between 70% and 90% of a bending strain of rupture of one or more of said plurality of beams.

### Claim 21 (depends on 17)

The UAV according to claim 17, wherein radial suspension beams of the cage frame suspension module, or a portion of the radial suspension beams, comprise a material that has a lower Young's modulus than the material of the beams of the cage frame modules.

### Claim 22 (depends on 17)

The UAV according to claim 17 wherein an inner support structure of the support system couples the protective outer cage to the flight propulsion system, the inner support structure comprising a gimbal system.

### Claim 23

An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) including a flight propulsion system and a support system coupled to the flight propulsion system, the support system comprising a protective outer cage comprising a plurality of beams connected together configured to surround the flight propulsion system, wherein the outer cage comprises a suspension system configured to couple the flight propulsion system, or an inner support structure of the UAV on which the flight propulsion system is mounted, wherein the relative elasticity of the outer cage and the suspension system satisfies the following relationships:
P, <C, <10P, and P, <S, <10P, where
P is a ratio of compression displacement d of the outer cage for a pre-buckling force F,
C, is a ratio of compression/traction displacement c of the suspension system for said pre-buckling force F applied between said outer cage and said flight propulsion system or inner support structure, and
S, is a ratio of tangential or shear displacement s of the suspension system for said pre-buckling force F applied between said outer cage and said flight propulsion system or inner support structure, the magnitude of the pre-buckling force F being selected in a range of 50% to 90% of a magnitude of a force that may be applied to the outer cage before a buckling of one or more beams of said plurality of beams of the outer cage, wherein the cage frame suspension module comprises frame connection beams forming a polygonal frame connection beam structure connected at the corners of the polygonal frame connection beam structure to radial beams that join together at the other ends of the radial beams, and a suspension element made of a more elastic material than the material of the frame connection and radial beams, the suspension element mounted on an inner side of the cage frame suspension module and comprising radial suspension beams connected to each corner of the polygonal frame connection beam structure and joining together at a bearing support portion configured to be coupled to the propulsion system or inner support structure.

### Claim 24

An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) including a flight propulsion system and a support system coupled to the flight propulsion system, the support system comprising a protective outer cage configured to surround the flight propulsion system, wherein the outer cage comprises a plurality of cage frame modules that are manufactured as separate components and assembled together to form at least a portion of the outer cage configured to surround the flight propulsion system, each cage frame module comprising a plurality of beams at least some of which form a first polygon shape beam structure, wherein the outer cage comprises a suspension system configured to elastically couple the flight propulsion system, or an inner support structure of the UAV on which the flight propulsion system is mounted, to the outer cage, the suspension system comprising at least two cage frame suspension modules, each cage frame suspension module comprising a polygon shape beam structure identical to said first polygon shape beam structure of said at least some of the cage frame modules to allow the cage frame suspension modules to be assembled with the cage frame modules to form the outer cage.

### Claim 25 (depends on 24)

The UAV according to claim 24, wherein said plurality of cage frame modules are manufactured as separate components and assembled together to form at least a portion of the outer cage configured to surround the flight propulsion system, said plurality of beams forming each cage frame module comprising beams that form a polygon shape beam structure, wherein each cage frame module further comprises radial beams that interconnect corners of the polygon shape beam structure to a central joining part at another end of the radial beams, the polygon shape beam structure and radial beams forming a single integrally formed part.

### Claim 26 (depends on 25)

The UAV according to claim 25, wherein radial suspension beams of the cage frame suspension module, or a portion of the radial suspension beams, comprise a material that has a lower Young's modulus than the material of the beams of the cage frame modules.

### Claim 27 (depends on 24)

The UAV according to claim 24, wherein said cage frame modules are coupled together by frame module connectors, wherein the frame module connectors are configured to separate under a bending strain of between 70% and 90% of a bending strain of rupture of one or more of said plurality of beams.

### Claim 28 (depends on 27)

The UAV according to claim 27, wherein the frame module connectors are pluggable and configured to unplug under a bending strain of between 70% and 90% of a bending strain of rupture of one or more of said plurality of beams.

### Claim 29 (depends on 24)

The UAV according to claim 24, wherein the cage frame suspension module comprises frame connection beams forming a polygonal frame connection beam structure connected at the corners of the polygonal frame connection beam structure to radial beams that join together at the other ends of the radial beams, and a suspension element made of a more elastic material than the material of the frame connection and radial beams, the suspension element mounted on an inner side of the cage frame suspension module and comprising radial suspension beams connected to each corner of the polygonal frame connection beam structure and joining together at a bearing support portion configured to be coupled to the propulsion system or inner support structure.

### Claim 30 (depends on 24)

The UAV according to claim 24 wherein an inner support structure of the support system couples the protective outer cage to the flight propulsion system, the inner support structure comprising a gimbal system.

### Claim 31

An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) including a flight propulsion system and a support system coupled to the flight propulsion system, the support system comprising a protective outer cage configured to surround the flight propulsion system, wherein the outer cage comprises a plurality of cage frame modules that are manufactured as separate components and assembled together to form at least a portion of the outer cage configured to surround the flight propulsion system, each cage frame module comprising a plurality of beams, wherein at least some of the plurality of beams that form a polygon shape beam structure, wherein each cage frame module further comprises radial beams that interconnect corners of the polygon shape beam structure to a central joining part at another end of the radial beams, the polygon shape beam structure and radial beams forming a single integral part, wherein said cage frame modules are coupled together by frame module connectors, wherein the frame module connectors are configured to separate under a bending strain of between 70% and 90% of a bending strain of rupture of one or more of said plurality of beams.

### Claim 32 (depends on 31)

The UAV according to claim 31, wherein the frame module connectors are pluggable and configured to unplug under a bending strain of between 70% and 90% of a bending strain of rupture of one or more of said plurality of beams.

### Claim 33

An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) including a flight propulsion system and a support system coupled to the flight propulsion system, the support system comprising a protective outer cage configured to surround the flight propulsion system, the outer cage comprising a plurality of cage frame modules that are manufactured as separate components and assembled together to form the outer cage configured to surround the flight propulsion system, each cage frame module comprising a plurality of beams, said cage frame modules coupled together by frame module connectors, wherein the frame module connectors are configured to separate under a bending strain of between 70% and 90% of a bending strain of rupture of one or more of said plurality of beams.

### Claim 34 (depends on 33)

The UAV according to claim 33, wherein the frame module connectors are pluggable and configured to unplug under a bending strain of between 70% and 90% of a bending strain of rupture of one or more of said plurality of beams.