Optical authentication of images

One or more computing systems for generating a quantum non-interactive timestamp for a plurality of collections of data, the one or more computing systems comprising:

• one or more hardware processors;
• and one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage mediums storing computer-executable instructions, execution of which by the one or more hardware processors causes the one or more computing systems to:
• for each of the plurality of collections of data:
• receive one or more photons with one or more quantum states that encode information for a basis specified by an external source;
• measure an observable of the quantum states of the one or more photons using a current basis;
• update a random key based on the measured observable of quantum states;
• generate a hash of the collection of data using the updated random key;
• store the measured observable of the quantum states, the current basis, the updated random key, and the hash as a timestamp for the collection of data;
• and
• select a new current basis based on the hash.

One or more computing systems for authenticating a collection of data having quantum non-interactive timestamps, the one or more computing systems comprising:

• one or more hardware processors;
• and one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage mediums storing computer-executable instructions, execution of which by the one or more hardware processors causes the one or more computing systems to:
• access the collection of data and a quantum non-interactive timestamp for the collection of data, the quantum non-interactive timestamp including a timestamp observable of the quantum state of a photon, a timestamp basis, a timestamp random key, and a timestamp hash;
• access an encoded quantum state of the photon and an encoded basis that are associated with the collection of data;
• and
• determine whether an observable error has occurred based on the timestamp observable of the quantum state not matching the encoded quantum state when the timestamp basis matches the encoded basis;
• and
• authenticate the collection of data if no observable error has occurred.