System and method for phased array sound wave advanced geological exploration for shield tunneling machine

A system for phased array sound wave advanced geological exploration for a shield tunneling machine, comprising a phased array sound wave emitting and receiving apparatus arranged on a side wall of a main spoke, opposite to a rotation direction, of a cutterhead of the shield tunneling machine, wherein the phased array sound wave emitting and receiving apparatus comprises a plurality of sonic probe groups, each of the sonic probe groups comprises a plurality of sound wave emitting and receiving units, and the plurality of sonic probe groups form a sound wave array element group;

• each of the sound wave emitting and receiving units has functions of emitting a sound wave and receiving a reflected sound wave;
• and
• each of the sonic probe groups is installed in a probe protection apparatus, the probe protection apparatus is installed at a head of a telescopic rod of a hydraulic propelling apparatus and can rotate relative to a hydraulic push rod, and a pressure senor is further installed on the probe protection apparatus and configured to detect pressure intensity of contact between sonic probes and a tunnel face;
• a high-pressure water spray nozzle is arranged on the telescopic rod of the hydraulic propelling apparatus, and the high-pressure water spray nozzle is connected with a water supply apparatus through a pipeline;
• and the pressure sensor, the phased array sound wave emitting and receiving apparatus and the water supply apparatus are connected with a control apparatus.