Size controllable conjugated polymer nanoparticles with fluorescence in the spectral range between far-red and short-wavelength infrared

A conjugated polymer having the structure:

• wherein:
• n is an integer between 1 and 10,000, inclusive;
• q is an integer between 1 and 5, inclusive,
• V1, V2, and V3 are independently absent, carbon-carbon double bond, carbon-carbon triple bond, unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, unsubstituted aryl, or substituted aryl;
• wherein
• (A) W1 is
• wherein R3 is hydrogen, unsubstituted alkyl, or substituted alkyl,
• wherein R12, R13, R14, R15, R16 and R17 are independently substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, hydrogen, unsubstituted aryl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, hydroxyl, or halogen, and
• W2 is selected from
• or a combination thereof,
• Q is sulfur or selenium;
• wherein R18, R19, R20, R21, R22, R23, and R24 are independently unsubstituted alkyl, substituted alkyl, or hydrogen;
• at least one of V1, V2, and V3 is a carbon-carbon double bond;
• carbon-carbon triple bond, substituted heteroaryl, unsubstituted aryl, or substituted aryl;
• when R21 and R22 are C8H17, either (i) R3 is a hexadecyl or (ii) R13 and R16 are substituted alkyl or unsubstituted alkyl;
• or
• (B) W1 is
• wherein R4, and R5 are independently hydrogen, unsubstituted alkyl, or substituted alkyl,
• wherein R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, and R11 are independently hydrogen, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted alkyl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, hydroxyl, or halogen, and
• W2 is selected from
• or a combination thereof,
• wherein, when R4 and R5 are C8H17, and R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, and R11 are hydrogen, W2 is not
• and optionally,
• wherein, the substituents of the substituted chemical groups are selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, hydroxyl, halogen, alkoxy, aroxy, alkylthio, arylthio, cyano, isocyano, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, amido, sulfonyl, sulfonic acid, phosphoryl, phosphonyl, polyaryl, unsubstituted C3-C20 cycloalkyl, and unsubstituted heterocyclyl.