Apparatus and method for irradiation

An irradiation apparatus comprising:

• at least one irradiation chamber for a fluid containing a material to be irradiated, said chamber having at least one inlet port for fluid flow into the chamber and at least one outlet port for fluid flow out of the chamber;
• at least one cooling chamber having at least one inlet port for fluid flow into the chamber and at least one outlet port for fluid flow out of the chamber;
• one or more UV radiation sources coupled to the at least one irradiation chamber;
• one or more seals or gaskets disposed adjacent to the one or more radiation sources to protect the one or more radiation sources from the fluid in the irradiation apparatus and/or external environment;
• and
• at least one heat exchange mechanism thermally coupled to the one or more radiation sources and to the at least one cooling chamber.