Fluorescence imaging with minimal area monolithic image sensor

A system comprising:

• an emitter for emitting pulses of electromagnetic radiation in an endoscopic light deficient environment;
• an image sensor comprising a pixel array for sensing reflected electromagnetic radiation, wherein the pixel array comprises active pixels and optical black pixels;
• wherein the image sensor is configured to generate a plurality of exposure frames, wherein each of the plurality of exposure frames corresponds to the pulses of electromagnetic radiation emitted by the emitter;
• a black clamp providing offset control for data generated by the pixel array;
• and
• a controller comprising a processor in electrical communication with the image sensor and the emitter;
• wherein at least a portion of the pulses of electromagnetic radiation emitted by the emitter comprises electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength from about 770 nm to about 790 nm.