Method for directly constructing highly optically active tetrasubstituted allenic acid compounds

A method for preparing optically active axially chiral allenic acid compounds of formula 2 with greater than 90% enantiomeric excess, wherein, in the presence of palladium catalyst, chiral diphosphine ligand, monophosphine ligand and organic phosphoric acid, a tertiary propargyl alcohol with different substituents, carbon monoxide and water undergo asymmetric allylation reaction in an organic solvent through transition metal catalysis, preparing the optically active axially chiral allenic acid compounds in one-step synthesis, the reaction process has the following reaction equation (I):

• the different substituents of the tertiary propargyl alcohol with different substituents are R1, R2, R3;
• wherein, R1 is an alkyl, an alkyl with functional group, phenyl, aryl, heterocyclic group or naphthyl;
• R2 is an alkyl, an alkyl with functional group, phenyl, aryl, heterocyclic group or naphthyl;
• R3 is an alkyl, an alkyl with functional group, phenyl, aryl, heterocyclic group or naphthyl;
• the said aryl is a phenyl with electron-donating or electron-withdrawing substituents at the ortho, meta, and para positions;
• the said heterocyclic group is thienyl, furyl, or pyridyl with electron-donating or electron-withdrawing substituents.