Electrophotographic image forming apparatus and process cartridge

A process cartridge comprising:

• an electrophotographic photosensitive member, which is rotatable and comprises a protective layer serving as a surface layer, and a developer carrying member configured to supply a developer which is charged to a surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member;
• and
• at least one unit selected from the group consisting of:
• a charging unit configured to form a charging portion in contact with the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and to charge the surface in the charging portion;
• and a cleaning unit configured to clean the surface,
• the process cartridge integrally supporting the electrophotographic photosensitive member, the developer carrying member, and the at least one unit, and being removably mounted onto a main body of an electrophotographic apparatus,
• wherein the protective layer contains a cured product of a composition containing a monomer having a polymerizable functional group, and the cured product contains at least an aromatic ring and an ester group,
• in a peak area of a spectrum of the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member obtained through measurement by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy using germanium as an internal reflection element and a measurement condition of 45° as an incident angle, when a peak area based on C═C stretching vibration of the aromatic ring is represented by S1, and a peak area based on C═O stretching vibration of the ester group is represented by S2, an area ratio S1/S2 of the S1 to the S2 is 0.10 to 0.27, and
• the developer carrying member and the electrophotographic photosensitive member are configured so that a rotation speed ratio D1/D2 of a rotation speed D1 of the developer carrying member to a rotation speed D2 of the electrophotographic photosensitive member satisfies 0.80 to 1.20.