Transmittance-variable film capable of controlling pretilt of liquid crystal interface

A transmittance-variable film comprising:

• a first substrate,
• a transmittance-variable liquid crystal layer comprising non-reactive liquid crystals and a dichroic dye, and
• a second substrate in sequence,
• wherein the non-reactive liquid crystals are liquid crystals that have no polymerizable group,
• wherein the first substrate comprises a first alignment film,
• wherein the first alignment film does not contain a liquid crystal,
• wherein the second substrate comprises a second alignment film,
• wherein the second alignment film contains reactive liquid crystals,
• wherein the reactive liquid crystals are in a splay oriented state where a tilt angle of the reactive liquid crystals changes along a thickness direction of the second alignment film,
• wherein an average tilt angle of the reactive liquid crystals ranges from 0.2 degrees to 20 degrees,
• wherein the first alignment film is directly on the transmittance-variable liquid crystal layer,
• wherein the second alignment film is directly on the transmittance-variable liquid crystal layer,
• wherein the non-reactive liquid crystals have a horizontal orientation when no voltage is applied,
• wherein the non-reactive liquid crystals of transmittance-variable liquid crystal layer are horizontally oriented when no voltage is applied by the average tilt angle of the reactive liquid crystals being in the splay oriented state in the second alignment film.