Beamformer lattice for phased array antennas

An apparatus comprising:

• a plurality of first electrically conductive traces oriented in a first direction in a first layer of a stack;
• a plurality of second electrically conductive traces oriented in a second direction, different from the first direction, in a second layer of the stack;
• a plurality of first vias electrically coupling the plurality of first electrically conductive traces to respective traces of the plurality of second electrically conductive traces to define a plurality of first hierarchical networks;
• a plurality of third electrically conductive traces oriented in the first direction in a third layer of the stack;
• a plurality of fourth electrically conductive traces oriented in the second direction in a fourth layer of the stack;
• and
• a plurality of second vias electrically coupling the plurality of third electrically conductive traces to respective traces of the plurality of fourth electrically conductive traces to define a plurality of second hierarchical networks,
• wherein open ends of the first or second traces at a last stage of the plurality of first hierarchical networks comprise a plurality of first ends and open ends of the third or fourth traces at a last stage of the plurality of second hierarchical networks comprise a plurality of second ends, and wherein a first end of the plurality of first ends and a corresponding second end of the plurality of second ends are non-collinear to each other in a direction perpendicular to a major plane of the first layer.