GNSS antenna, GNSS module, and vehicle having such a GNSS module

GNSS antenna, comprising:

• at least one dielectric support substrate having a front surface and a rear surface;
• at least two radiation structures attached to the front surface of said support substrate, each radiation structure comprising:
• a feeding section configured to connect to an external feeding structure, and
• at least one substantially spiral-shaped section connected to said feeding section,
• wherein the feeding sections of the radiation structures are facing each other, and wherein the at least two radiation structures are positioned at a distance from each other;
• and
• preferably, at least one parasitic structure attached to the rear surface of said support substrate,
• wherein the substantially spiral-shaped section of at least one radiation structure has a shape of a polynomial spiral, for which the curvature changes preferably substantially linearly with an arc length,
• wherein the spiral-shaped sections of the at least two radiation structures are facing away from each other;
• and
• wherein a rotation of a radius vector of the polynomial spiral complies with the formula:
• ϱ
• ⁡
• (
• ϑ
• )
• =
• 1
• 
• 1
• A
• ⁢
• cos
• ⁡
• (
• m
• 4
• ⁢
• g
• 1
• ⁡
• (
• ϑ
• )
• )
• 
• n
• 2
• ±
• 
• 1
• B
• ⁢
• sin
• ⁡
• (
• m
• 4
• ⁢
• g
• 2
• ⁡
• (
• ϑ
• )
• )
• 
• n
• 3
• n
• 1
• ⁢
• f
• ⁡
• (
• ϑ
• )
• wherein:
• A,B,n1∈0+;m,n1,2∈;
• and
• f(ϑ)=ebϑ