Display apparatus having a refractive layer

A display apparatus, comprising:

• a display element configured to emit light;
• a refractive layer disposed on the display element and including a first refractive layer and a second refractive layer, the first refractive layer including an opening that corresponds to the display element, and the second refractive layer having a refractive index different from that of the first refractive layer;
• and
• a polarizing layer disposed on the refractive layer,
• wherein the second refractive layer includes a first layer and a second layer, the first layer including high refractive particles of a first concentration, and the second layer including high refractive particles of a second concentration different from the first concentration, and
• wherein a portion of light emitted from the display element is totally reflected by an interface between an inner wall of the opening and the second refractive layer and thus a light path is changed.