Non-telecentric emissive micro-pixel array light modulators and methods for making the same

An emissive directional light modulator comprising:

• a control layer;
• a solid state light emitting display layer, comprising an array of light emitting pixels, positioned above and controllable from the control layer to emit light;
• and
• a directional modulation layer comprising pixel level diffractive optical elements in the form of a micro-grating comprising layers of metal rails or dielectric materials with different indexes of refraction positioned above the SSL emitting display layer, each pixel level diffractive optical element to directionally modulate light coupled to it from a corresponding light emitting pixel in a respective direction.

An emissive pixel array light modulator comprising:

• a control layer;
• pixelated III/V semiconductor layers stacked above the control layer and controllable from the control layer to emit at least partially collimated, pixelated light;
• and
• a directional modulation layer comprising pixel level refractive optical elements in the form of de-centered, or tilted, or spatially modulated, lenses comprising layers of dielectric materials with different indexes of refraction positioned above the pixelated III/V semiconductor layers, each pixel level refractive optical element to directionally modulate light coupled onto it from a corresponding pixel to a respective direction relative to an axis perpendicular to the pixelated III/V semiconductor layers.