Flatbed air-liquid interface exposure module and methods

A flatbed air-liquid interface exposure module, the flatbed air-liquid interface exposure module comprising a moisturizing section, an exposure section, and an aerosol duct;

• the exposure section comprising a means for ensuring an electric field comprising a metal plate, which comprises a plurality of discrete stubs which protrude from the metal plate into the exposure section, and further comprising an inverted well cell culture set-up comprising inverted wells for supporting cells at an air-liquid interface, the inverted wells being positioned over the plurality of stubs of the metal plate;
• the aerosol duct being configured for sequentially guiding an aerosol flow comprising charged nanoparticles through the moisturizing section and the exposure section, and for guiding the humidified aerosol flow horizontally over the plurality of inverted wells.