Systems and methods for discrimination of tissue targets

An apparatus comprising:

• an illumination source that is configured to emit light, the light comprising at least one of ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), near infrared (NIR), visible-near infrared (VIS-NIR), shortwave infrared (SWIR), extended shortwave infrared (eSWIR), near infrared-extended shortwave infrared (NIR-eSWIR), mid-wave infrared (MIR), or long-wave infrared (LWIR) light;
• an optical filter;
• at least one camera chip;
• and
• an optical path configured to direct the light emitted by the first illumination source at a biological sample and direct the light reflected from the biological sample to the at least one camera chip;
• wherein the illumination source and the optical filter are transitionable between a first tuning state corresponding to a target tissue of the biological sample and a second tuning state corresponding to a background tissue of the biological sample;
• wherein the at least one camera chip is configured to:
• record a first image when the illumination source and the optical filter are in the first tuning state,
• record a second image when the illumination source and the optical filter are in the second tuning state, and
• generate a score image corresponding to the target tissue based on the first image and the second image.