Devices with an enhanced boiling surface with features directing bubble and liquid flow and methods thereof

A boiling apparatus comprising:

• a substrate having a tubular shape comprising a base comprising an inside surface and an outside surface, a heat generation region contacting surface on the inside surface of the tubular shaped substrate and an asymmetric liquid contacting surface on the outside surface of the tubular shaped substrate, the asymmetric liquid contacting surface comprising a sidewall heat transfer surface extending out from the substrate base and a bubble pathway heat transfer surface extending away from the base of the sidewall, wherein the sidewall heat transfer surface and the bubble pathway heat transfer surface intersect to form a corner along the length of the intersection, the corner comprising a nucleation site comprising a plurality of nucleation cavities capable of forming bubbles in liquid in contact with the asymmetric liquid contacting surface, the sidewall heat transfer surface and the bubble pathway heat transfer surface forming a liquid boiling cavity in communication with a bulk liquid, wherein heat from the heat generation region applied to the inside surface of the substrate is transferred to the outside surface of the substrate and boils liquid from the bulk liquid in the liquid boiling cavity by the formation of bubbles at the nucleation site causing the bubbles to depart from the nucleation site traversing a bubble pathway along the bubble pathway heat transfer surface away from the sidewall heat transfer surface wherein the bubble pathway heat transfer surface is sloped away from the sidewall heat transfer surface to sweep the bubbles over the bubble pathway heat transfer surface enhancing heat transfer from the bubble pathway heat transfer surface and facilitating flow of the liquid from the bulk liquid in a direction perpendicular to the length of the intersection traversing a liquid pathway along the sidewall heat transfer surface towards the nucleation site enhancing heat transfer from the sidewall heat transfer surface, wherein the bubble pathway along the bubble pathway heat transfer surface and the liquid pathway along the sidewall heat transfer surface are separate non-interfering pathways intersecting at the corner creating a flow of the bubbles departing from the nucleation cavities wherein any bubbles formed along the bubble pathway heat transfer surface will be swept by the departing flow of the bubbles along the bubble pathway and the flow of bubbles does not interfere with the flow of liquid from the bulk liquid along the liquid pathway of the sidewall heat transfer surface toward the nucleation cavities, wherein the bubble pathway heat transfer surface originates at the single corner along the intersection of the sidewall heat transfer surface and the bubble pathway heat transfer surface, continuously extends away from the sidewall heat transfer surface and terminates prior to an adjacent asymmetric liquid contacting surface such that the overall heat transfer performance of the apparatus results in an enhancement in critical heat flux and heat transfer coefficient.