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US 11,597,661 B2Granted
Intercalation-based materials and processes for softening water
AssigneeRobert Bosch GmbH
InventorsSondra Hellstrom, Michael Metzger, Saravanan Kuppan, Jake Christensen
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Abstract
A device for removing ions from a flow of water includes a first electrode and a counter-electrode opposite the first electrode in the flow of water. The first electrode contains at least one material which is capable of intercalating one or both of Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions in the flow of water. The counter-electrode can include a material capable of binding to anions in the flow of water.
Claims15
A device for removing ions from a flow of water comprising:
- a first electrode connectable to a current source and configured to be arranged in a flow of water;
- and
- a counter-electrode connectable to the current source and configured to be arranged in the flow of water opposite said first electrode,
- wherein said first electrode contains at least one material which is capable of intercalating one or both of Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions in the flow of water,
- wherein the at least one material is selected from the group consisting of:
- AxMnFe(CN)6 (A=Li,Na,K,Cs) 0≤x≤1;
- AxMnMn(CN)6 (A=Li,Na,K,Cs) 0≤x≤1;
- AxZnFe(CN)6 (A=Li,Na,K,Cs) 0≤x≤1;
- AxBaFe(CN)6 (A=Li,Na,K,Cs) 0≤x≤1;
- AxFeFe(CN)6 (A=Li,Na,K,Cs) 0≤x≤1;
- AxNiFe(CN)6 (A=Li,Na,K,Cs) 0≤x≤1;TixFe1-x[Fe(CN)6]0.96 0≤x≤1;
- polyimide;
- NaMnFe2(PO4)3;
- Na3Fe3(PO4)4;
- Na(M)PO4, M=Fe, Mn, or FexMn1-x0≤x≤1;
- ZnMn2O4;
- MgFeSiO4/C;
- MgXMn2-XSiO4, 0≤x≤2;
- Mg0.5Ti2(PO4)3;
- LiTi2(PO4)3;
- TixAl2-x(PO4)3, 0≤x≤2;
- TiP2O7;
- Na3MnTi(PO4)3;
- K2Ti4O9;
- CaMO3 (M=Mn and/or Fe);
- potassium terephthalate;
- 2,5-pyridinedicarboxylate (K2PC);
- KFeF3;
- KMgxFe2-x(PO4)2, 0≤x≤2;
- NaTi2(PO4)3;Na2FeP2O7;
- and Na2Ti3O7.
28 more elements
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.