Three-dimensional scanless holographic optogenetics with temporal focusing

An apparatus for holographic temporal focusing for 3D illumination, the apparatus comprising:

• (a) an illumination source configured to generate femtosecond pulses;
• (b) a phase mask generator downstream of the illumination source configured to generate at least one light shape from the illumination source onto a diffraction grating;
• (c) a diffraction grating downstream of the phase mask generator;
• (d) a spatial light modulator (SLM) downstream of the diffraction grating;
• and
• (e) one or more lenses downstream of the SLM configured to direct an output of the SLM to a target;
• (f) wherein said phase mask generator and said diffraction grating are positioned for generation of a temporally focused pattern by spectral separation of the femtosecond pulses by the diffraction grating into individual components that propagate on separate optical paths;
• (g) wherein constructive interference reconstructs the femtosecond pulses as virtual images of the diffraction grating;
• and
• (h) wherein a pattern of at least one temporally focused light shape is imaged on said target.