US 11,566,895 B2 · Method for continuous measurement of river flow based on satellite big data

Abstract

A method for continuous measurement of river flow based on satellite big data is provided. The method includes: determining a river reach to conduct flow measurement, reconstructing a cross section of a river channel based on satellite big data, calculating real-time water levels by coupling data of various types of satellites, and performing flow calculation and compilation. The method solves the difficult problem of river flow measurement or continuous measurement of river flow in uninhabited areas, fills the blank of satellite-based flow measurement according to the principle of river dynamics, and greatly expands the range of river flow measurement.

A method for a continuous measurement of river flow based on satellite big data, comprising the following steps:

S1:
determining a river reach to conduct a flow measurement:
selecting the river reach of a river to conduct the flow measurement, based on revisit positions, adjacent to each other, of various types of satellites;
determining a cross section of a river channel where an echo point of an available high-precision altimetry satellite is located as a flow measurement section;
and
measuring by a three-dimensional (3D) surveying and mapping satellite, and determining a cross section with a gentle river bank as the flow measurement section, if there is no available high-precision altimetry satellite;
and
selecting, based on latest high-precision orthophoto/remote sensing image data, cross sections with the gentle river bank at a certain distance upstream and downstream from the flow measurement section as gradient sections, and measuring a distance L between upper and lower gradient sections;
S2:
reconstructing the cross section of the river channel based on the satellite big data:
coupling revisit times and observation elements of the available high-precision altimetry satellite or the 3D surveying and mapping satellite and an orthophoto/remote sensing satellite available for the flow measurement section based on historical data thereof, and establishing water level and water surface breadth relationship curves of the flow measurement section and the gradient sections;
S3:
calculating real-time water levels by coupling data of the various types of satellites:
successively acquiring real-time data of the orthophoto/remote sensing satellite passing through the river reach, acquiring water surface breadths Buk and Blk of the upper and lower gradient sections and a water surface breadth Bk of the flow measurement section;
calculating real-time water levels Huk, Hlk and Hk of the upper and lower gradient sections and the flow measurement section according to the water level and water surface breadth relationship curves thereof;
determining a roughness coefficient n of the river reach at the real-time water levels;
coupling, if there is the available high-precision altimetry satellite available, the revisit times and the observation elements of the available high-precision altimetry satellite and the orthophoto/remote sensing satellite;
and interpolating a water level of the flow measurement section at a data acquisition time of the orthophoto/remote sensing satellite, as a real-time water level or correction benchmark of the flow measurement section;
and
S4:
performing a flow calculation and compilation:
calculating a gradient Jk of the river reach according to the real-time water levels Huk and Hlk of the upper and lower gradient sections;
calculating a flow area Ak according to the water level and water surface breadth relationship curve of the flow measurement section, and calculating a flow Qk of the flow measurement section by using a gradient area method;
and compiling by the water level and the flow of the flow measurement section according to a hydrological data compilation requirement;
wherein, during the flow calculation and compilation of the step S4, according to the water level and water surface breadth relationship curve, the flow area of the flow measurement section is calculated as follows:
S4a1:
performing a numerical interpolation on Hf˜f(Bf) or discretizing a correlation graph Hf˜Bf to form a basic water level and water surface breadth set (Hfi, bfi) of the cross section of the river channel, wherein, Hf˜f(Bf) is a water level and water surface breadth function of the flow measurement section, and Hf˜Bf is a water level and water surface breadth graph of the flow measurement section;
S4a2:
calculating a flow area of the flow measurement section at a discrete water level according to
A
fi
=
∑
i
=
1
n
(
B
fi
-
1
+
B
fi
2
)
⁢
(
H
fi
-
H
fi
-
1
)
,
wherein, Bfi-1 and Bfi are respectively (i−1)-th and i-th discrete points for a water surface breadth of the water level and water surface breadth function or the water level and water surface breadth graph of the flow measurement section;
Hfi-1 and Hfi are respectively (i−1)-th and i-th discrete points for a water level of the water level and water surface breadth function or the water level and water surface breadth graph of the flow measurement section;
Hf0 and Bf0 are respectively a discrete point for a lowest water level and a discrete point for a corresponding water surface breadth of the water level and water surface breadth function or the water level and water surface breadth graph of the flow measurement section;
and the calculation comprises:
processing according to a triangular similarity Bf0=0 and epitaxially processing according to Hf0=(Bf2Hf1−Bf1Hf2)/(Bf2−Bf1);
and establishing a water level and flow area function Af˜f(Hf) of the flow measurement section, or plotting a correlation graph Hf˜Af,
wherein, during the flow calculation and compilation of the step S4, the flow of the flow measurement section is calculated by using the gradient area method as follows:
S4b1:
calculating, based on the real-time water level Hk of the flow measurement section, a corresponding flow area Ak by a calculation of the water level and flow area function Af˜f(Hf) or interpolating the correlation graph Hf˜Af, wherein, Hk is the real-time water level of the flow measurement section calculated by the water level and water surface breadth relationship curve thereof and Af˜f(Hf) is the water level and flow area function of the flow measurement section;
S4b2:
discretizing Hj below the real-time water level Hk, and calculating a hydraulic radius by
R
k
=
A
k
/
(
B
f
⁢
1
+
2
⁢
(
H
k
-
H
fi
)
2
+
(
(
B
k
-
B
fi
)
/
2
)
2
+
2
⁢
∑
i
=
2
max
(
i
)
(
H
fi
-
H
fi
-
1
)
2
+
(
(
B
fi
-
B
fi
-
1
)
/
2
)
2
)
,
wherein Bfi-1 and Bfi are respectively the (i−1)-th and i-th discrete points for the water surface breadth of the water level and water surface breadth function or the water level and water surface breadth graph of the flow measurement section;
Hfi-1 and Hfi are respectively the (i−1)-th and i-th discrete points for the water level of the water level and water surface breadth function or the water level and water surface breadth graph of the flow measurement section;
and max(i) is a maximum discrete value of the water level i below Hk;
and
S4b3:
calculating the flow corresponding to the real-time water level Hk of the flow measurement section according to a Manning formula
Q
k
=
1
n
⁢
A
k
⁢
R
k
2
/
3
⁢
J
k
;
or
calculating by using a downstream-upstream water surface curve method.

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Method for continuous measurement of river flow based on satellite big data

Life of this patent

Method for continuous measurement of river flow based on satellite big data

Life of this patent

Abstract

Claims8