Nitrated hydrocarbons, derivatives, and processes for their manufacture

A compound selected from the group consisting of formula I-1 and IV-1:

• wherein
• R7 is linear C2-C17 alkyl;
• R8 is H or linear C1-C8 alkyl;
• wherein R7 and R8 are unsubstituted;
• R13 is C4-C20 alkyl or C3-C12 cycloalkyl;
• R14 is H or C1-C12 alkyl;
• R15 is H,
• or R14, R15, and the atoms to which they are attached form an oxazolidine ring that is optionally substituted with C1-C6 alkyl;
• and
• R16 is H, C1-C12 alkyl, C3-C12 cycloalkyl, or
• the compound of formula IV-1 is selected from the group consisting of 4-ethyl-4-methyl-1-oxa-3-azacyclopentane, 4-propyl-4-methyl-1-oxa-3-azacyclopentane, 4-ethyl-4-propyl-1-oxa-3-azacyclopentane, 4-methyl-4-propyl-1-oxa-3-azacyclopentane, and 4,4-dipropyl-1-oxa-3-azacyclopentane;
• provided that
• when the compound is selected from formula I-1, the total number of carbons in R7 and R8, together with the carbon to which they are attached, is 10 to 18;
• and
• the compound is not 1-nitrodecane, 2-nitrodecane, 1-nitroundecane, 2-nitroundecane, 3-nitroundecane, 4-nitroundecane, 5-nitroundecane, 6-nitroundecane, 1-nitrododecane, 2-nitrododecane, 3-nitrododecane, 4-nitrododecane, 5-nitrododecane, 6-nitrododecane, 1-nitrotridecane, 2-nitrotridecane, 3-nitrotridecane, 6-nitrotridecane, 1-nitrotetradecane, 1-nitropentadecane, 1-nitrohexadecane, 2-nitrohexadecane, 1-nitroheptadecane, 1-nitrooctadecane, or 2-nitrooctadecane;
• when the compound is selected from formula IV-1 the compound is not 5-propyl-1-aza-3,7-dioxabicyclo[3.3.0]octane, 4,4-diethyl-1-oxa-3-azacyclopentane, or 4-butyl-1-oxa-3-azacyclopentane.