Uplink null data packet format for passive location

A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions which when executed by one or more processors result in performing operations comprising:

• transmitting a first trigger frame having a polling type to poll one or more anchor stations for a ranging measurement subsequent to the first trigger frame, the first trigger frame different than a null data packet (NDP);
• identifying one or more polling response frames received from the one or more anchor stations based on the first trigger frame and prior to the ranging measurement;
• transmitting a second trigger frame having a sounding type to the one or more anchor stations based on the one or more polling responses, wherein the second trigger frame solicits an uplink NDP for the ranging measurement from the one or more anchor stations, the second trigger frame different than an NDP;
• and
• identifying at least one uplink NDP received based on the second trigger frame, wherein the at least one uplink NDP is an high efficiency (HE) single user (SU) frame type comprising a legacy short training field (L-STF), a legacy long training field (L-LTF), a legacy signal (L-SIG) field, a repeat legacy signal (RL-SIG) field, a high efficiency signal A (HE-SIG-A) field, an high-efficiency STF (HE-STF), an high-efficiency LTF (HE-LTF), and a packet extension (PE) field, and wherein the at least one uplink NDP is received by one or more passive client devices listening to communications between the device and the one or more anchor stations.

A method comprising:

• transmitting, by one or more processors, a first trigger frame having a polling type to poll one or more anchor stations for a ranging measurement subsequent to the first trigger frame, the first trigger frame different than a null data packet (NDP);
• identifying one or more polling response frames received from the one or more anchor stations based on the first trigger frame and prior to the ranging measurement;
• transmitting a second trigger frame having a sounding type to the one or more anchor stations based on the one or more polling responses, wherein the second trigger frame solicits an uplink NDP for the ranging measurement from the one or more anchor stations, the second trigger frame different than an NDP;
• and
• identifying at least one uplink NDP received based on the second trigger frame, wherein the at least one uplink NDP is an high efficiency (HE) single user (SU) frame type comprising a legacy short training field (L-STF), a legacy long training field (L-LTF), a legacy signal (L-SIG) field, a repeat legacy signal (RL-SIG) field, a high efficiency signal A (HE-SIG-A) field, an high-efficiency STF (HE-STF), an high-efficiency LTF (HE-LTF), and a packet extension (PE) field, and wherein the at least one uplink NDP is received by one or more passive client devices listening to communications between the device and the one or more anchor stations.