Parametric and non-parametric peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction techniques

An apparatus, comprising:

• a pre-transmission circuit configured to encode a data signal for communication;
• a peak-to-average-power ratio (PAPR) controlling circuit configured to set a power level for a level-adjusted data signal,
• wherein the PAPR circuit is configured to set the power level by employing a multi-loop, multi-phase technique in which:
• an inner loop employs multiple phases to constrain the PAPR and reduce at least one power-related error condition, and an outer loop updates the power level;
• and
• a transmitter circuit configured to transmit the level-adjusted data signal,
• wherein the PAPR circuit is configured to, as part of a first phase of the inner loop:
• compute a penalty function based, at least in part, upon a gradient with respect to data signal,
• determine that the gradient is less than a threshold value, and
• set the power level at an existing power level.