Crankshaft, transmission or camshaft sensor, diagnosis system and method implementing such a sensor

A crankshaft, transmission or camshaft sensor for a motor vehicle for connection to an engine control unit of the motor vehicle, said sensor comprising:

• a toothed target,
• a measurement cell suitable for delivering a raw signal that is representative of the variations in a magnetic field that are induced by the rotation of the target, and
• a processing module suitable for placing an output port of the processing module, according to the raw signal, in a first state or in a second state, the transitions between said first state and said second state being representative of instants in time at which teeth of the target pass the measurement cell,
• an electronic voltage modifier circuit arranged between the output port of the processing module and an output port of the sensor, said voltage modifier circuit being configured to deliver, over the output port of the sensor, an output signal that is equal to a potential VH when the output port of the processing module is in the first state, and to a potential VL when the output port of the processing module is in the second state, said potentials VH and VL differing from one another and differing from a supply potential VS of the sensor and from a ground potential VG,
• wherein the processing module is further configured to deliver, over the output port of said processing module, when the toothed target is immobile, a predetermined pattern that is representative of the fact that the toothed target is immobile, said predetermined pattern corresponding to a change of state of the output port of the processing module with a predetermined duration and repeated periodically.