Metal-working fluid compositions and methods for making

A method of preparing a metal surface for subsequent working of the metal to fabricate articles therefrom, the method comprising:

• providing a metal-working fluid (MWF) concentrate comprising:
• a base oil component in an amount of 5-90 wt. %, based on the total weight of the concentrate;
• an emulsifier selected from any of the conventional anionic, cationic, nonionic, or amphoteric surfactants, in an amount of 0.1 to 15 wt. %;
• at least an optional additive selected from saponifiers, pH buffers, preservatives, extreme pressure EP additives, corrosion inhibitors, anti-wear agents, metal deactivators, defoamers, anti-rust agents, deodorants, dyes, fungicides, bacteriocides, antioxidants, emulsion stabilizers, dispersion stabilizers in an amount of 0.1 to 15 wt. %;
• wherein the base oil component contains at least 50% by weight of a decarboxylated rosin acid (DCR) based on the total weight of the base oil component, and remainder being an oil selected from naphthenic, paraffin, bio-based oil, and mixtures thereof, and
• wherein the DCR has:
• a m/z (mass/charge) of 220-280 as measured by GC-FID-MS,
• an oxygen content of <5%,
• an acid value of <10 mg KOH/g;
• and
• wherein the DCR comprises:
• >50% by weight as tricyclic and polycyclic compounds having 18-20 carbon atoms,
• >55% by weight of tricyclic compounds as aromatic and cycloaliphatic,
• <45% by weight of tricyclic compounds as reactive double bond (C═C group).