Cryostat and quantum computing system having same

A quantum computing system, comprising:

• a quantum processor comprising at least one qubit;
• quantum hardware connected to the quantum processor;
• and
• a dilution refrigerator comprising:
• a pumping system;
• and
• a cryostat in communication with the pumping system for circulation of a cooling mixture therethrough, comprising temperature-controlled flanges nested one inside another and concentrically arranged about a central axis, the central axis extends horizontally, the temperature-controlled flanges being radially spaced apart and each defining a closed polygonal perimeter, the temperature-controlled flanges defining cooling stages between radially-adjacent ones of the temperature-controlled flanges, the temperature-controlled flanges including an outermost flange defining a vacuum chamber, an innermost flange enclosing a central core of the cryostat housing the quantum processor, and intermediate flanges radially located between the innermost flange and the outermost flange, each of the intermediate flanges surrounding one or more of the temperature-controlled flanges;
• wherein the pumping system is operable to cool at least the intermediate flanges and the innermost flange to respective cryogenic target temperatures, with the outermost flange at a highest temperature, the innermost flange maintained at a lowest temperature, and the intermediate flanges maintained at respective intermediate temperatures less than the highest temperature and greater than the lowest temperature;
• wherein each of the temperature-controlled flanges includes a set of interconnected walls defining the closed polygonal perimeter about the central axis.

A modular cryostat assembly comprising two or more cryostats, each cryostat of the two or more cryostats comprising:

• temperature-controlled flanges operable to be cooled to respective target temperatures, the temperature-controlled flanges being nested one inside another and concentrically arranged about a central axis, the central axis extends horizontally, the temperature-controlled flanges defining cooling stages between radially-adjacent ones of the temperature-controlled flanges, the temperature-controlled flanges including an outermost flange defining a vacuum chamber, an innermost flange enclosing a central core of the cryostat, and intermediate flanges radially located between the innermost flange and the outermost flange, each of the intermediate flanges surrounding one or more of the temperature-controlled flanges, the outermost flange operating at a highest temperature, the innermost flange operating at a lowest temperature, and the intermediate flanges operating at respective intermediate temperatures less than the highest temperature and greater than the lowest temperature;
• and
• wherein each of the temperature-controlled flanges of the two or more cryostats includes a set of interconnected walls defining closed polygonal perimeters about the central axis;
• wherein the two or more cryostats include a first cryostat and a second cryostat arranged adjacent one another in series, the first cryostat and the second cryostat being concentric with the central axis, axial ends of the temperature-controlled flanges of the first cryostat being connected with axial ends of corresponding ones of the temperature-controlled flanges of the second cryostat, and the cooling stages of the first cryostat being open to corresponding ones of the cooling stages of the second cryostat.