# US 11,470,785 B2 · Phenotypic horticulture systems and methods > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 11,470,785 B2 - Document ID: US11470785B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 17/475,434 - Filed: 2021-09-15 - Published: 2022-01-06 - Granted: 2022-10-18 - Earliest claimed: 2019-03-28 - Assignees: Precision Process Systems, LLC - Applicants: Precision Process Systems, LLC - Inventors: Kevin Knowles - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11470785B2 ## CPC - A01G 9/023: {Multi-tiered planters} - A01G 9/1423: {Greenhouse bench structures} - A01G 9/246: {Air-conditioning systems} - A01G 9/249: {Lighting means (with special arrangements for promoting growth A01G7/045)} - Y02A 40/25: Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor - A01G: HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING (picking of fruits, vegetables, hops or the like A01D46/00; propagating unicellular algae C12N1/12) - Y02A: TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE ## Abstract Horticulture systems and methods including an air handling rack system comprising frame supply and return plenums, an input diffusion assembly physically supported by and fluidically coupled to the frame supply plenum, and a plant support tray assembly physically supported by and fluidically coupled to the frame return plenum. The input diffusion assembly is configured to direct a supply airflow flowing through the frame supply plenum downwardly from an underside thereof. The plant support tray assembly is positioned below the at least one input diffusion assembly to form an environmental cultivation chamber therebetween. The rack system is configured to direct the supply airflow through the environmental cultivation chamber from the input diffusion assembly to the plant support tray assembly past one or more plants positioned on a support side of the plant support tray assembly and into the frame return plenum as a return airflow. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A horticulture system, comprising: an air handling first rack system comprising: at least one frame supply plenum extending upwardly from a bottom side of the first rack system; at least one frame return plenum extending upwardly from the bottom side of the first rack system; at least one input diffusion assembly fluidically coupled to the at least one frame supply plenum, the at least one input diffusion assembly being configured to direct a supply airflow flowing through the at least one frame supply plenum downwardly from an underside of the at least one input diffusion assembly; at least one plant support tray assembly physically supported by and fluidically coupled to the at least one frame return plenum, the at least one plant support tray assembly being positioned below the at least one input diffusion assembly to form at least one environmental cultivation chamber therebetween; and a plurality of panels that collectively extend about a periphery of at least a portion of the at least one environmental cultivation chamber to substantially enclose the at least one environmental cultivation chamber, wherein the least one at least one frame supply plenum physically supports the at least one input diffusion assembly in an elevated position spaced above the at least one plant support tray assembly such that the at least one input diffusion assembly extends over the at least one plant support tray assembly, and wherein the first rack system is configured to direct the supply airflow through the at least one environmental cultivation chamber from the at least one input diffusion assembly to the at least one plant support tray assembly past at least one plant positioned on a support side of the at least one plant support tray assembly and into the at least one frame return plenum as a return airflow, and wherein the at least one frame supply plenum, the at least one frame return plenum, the at least one input diffusion assembly and the at least one plant support tray assembly form a free-standing rack with the at least one frame supply plenum and the at least one frame return plenum being support legs of the free-standing rack. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The system according to claim 1, wherein the at least one input diffusion assembly comprises at least one diffusion plate with a plurality of input apertures in fluid communication with the at least one frame supply plenum, the at least one diffusion plate being configured to direct the supply airflow flowing downwardly therefrom toward the at least one plant support tray assembly. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The system according to claim 2, wherein the at least one diffusion plate comprises a first diffusion plate with a plurality of first input apertures and a second diffusion plate with a plurality of second input apertures at least partially overlapping the first input apertures, the first and second diffusion plates being movably coupled together such that the degree of overlap between the first and second input apertures is adjustable to adjust the velocity of the supply airflow flowing therethrough. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The system according to claim 1, wherein a height of the at least one input diffusion assembly relative to that of the at least one plant support tray assembly is adjustable such that a height of the at least one environmental cultivation chamber is adjustable. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The system according to claim 1, wherein the first rack system further comprises at least one bottom lighting device positioned proximate to the support side of the at least one plant support tray assembly and distal to the underside of the at least one input diffusion assembly such that the at least one bottom lighting device is positioned below a leaf canopy of the at least one plant when it is positioned on the support side of the at least one plant support tray assembly. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The system according to claim 1, wherein the first rack system further comprises at least one top lighting device positioned within the at least one environmental cultivation chamber proximate to the underside of the at least one input diffusion assembly and distal to the support side of the at least one plant support tray assembly such that the at least one top lighting device is positioned above the at least one plant when it is positioned on the support side of the at least one plant support tray assembly. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The system according to claim 1, wherein the first rack system further comprises at least one bottom lighting device positioned proximate to the support side of the at least one plant support tray assembly and distal to the underside of the at least one input diffusion assembly such that the at least one bottom lighting device is positioned below a leaf canopy of the at least one plant when it is positioned on the support side of the at least one plant support tray assembly. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The system according to claim 1, wherein the at least one plant support tray assembly comprises a plant support platform that defines the support side, and wherein the plant support platform comprises a plurality of first return apertures extending therethrough for a flow of the return airflow therethrough. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The system according to claim 8, wherein the at least one plant support tray assembly further comprises a return passageway configured to direct the flow of the return airflow flowing through the plant support platform through the return passageway and to the at least one frame return plenum, wherein the return passageway extends along a pathway that extends about an internal cavity such that an inner side wall of the return passageway defines an outer border of the internal cavity, and wherein the internal cavity is in fluid communication with the return passageway via a plurality of through holes in the inner side wall of the return passageway that are spaced along the outer border. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The system according to claim 1, wherein: the at least one input diffusion assembly comprises: a first input diffusion assembly; and a second input diffusion assembly positioned below the first input diffusion assembly; and the at least one plant support tray assembly comprises: a first plant support tray assembly positioned above the second input diffusion assembly, and positioned below the first input diffusion assembly to form a first environmental cultivation chamber therebetween, wherein the first rack system is configured to direct the supply airflow through the first environmental cultivation chamber from the first input diffusion assembly to the first plant support tray assembly past at least one plant positioned on a support side of the first plant support tray assembly and into the at least one frame return plenum as a portion of the return airflow; and a second plant support tray assembly positioned below the second input diffusion assembly to form a second environmental cultivation chamber therebetween, wherein the first rack system is configured to direct the supply airflow through the second environmental cultivation chamber from the second input diffusion assembly to the second plant support tray assembly past at least one plant positioned on a support side of the second plant support tray assembly and into the at least one frame return plenum as a portion of the return airflow. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The system according to claim 10, wherein the plurality of panels collectively extend about the first environmental cultivation chamber to substantially enclose the first environmental cultivation chamber, and collectively extend about the second environmental cultivation chamber to substantially enclose the second environmental cultivation chamber. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The system according to claim 1, wherein the at least one frame supply plenum comprises a first frame supply plenum and a second frame supply plenum, the second frame supply plenum being a separate and distinct plenum than the first frame supply plenum, and wherein the at least one input diffusion assembly comprises a first input diffusion assembly fluidically coupled to the first and second frame supply plenums such that the first input diffusion assembly receives and directs respective flows of the supply airflow from the first and second frame supply plenums. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) The system according to claim 1, wherein the at least one frame supply plenum comprises a first frame supply plenum positioned proximate to a first end of the first rack system and a first face of the first rack system, and a second frame supply plenum positioned proximate to a second end of the first rack system that opposes the first end and the first face of the first rack system, and wherein the at least one input diffusion assembly extends between the first and second frame supply plenums in a first direction that extends between the first and second ends of the first rack system, and wherein the at least one frame return plenum comprises a first frame return plenum positioned proximate to the first end of the first rack system and a second face of the first rack system that opposes the first face, and a second support return plenum positioned proximate to the second end of the first rack system and the second face of the first rack system, wherein the at least one input diffusion assembly and the at least one plant support tray assembly extend between the first and second frame supply plenums and between the first and second frame return plenums in the first direction, and wherein the at least one input diffusion assembly and the at least one plant support tray assembly extend between the first frame supply plenum and the first frame return plenum, and between the second frame supply plenum and the second frame return plenum, in a second direction that extends between the first and second faces of the first rack system. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The system according to claim 1, wherein the at least one plant support tray input diffusion assembly is physically supported by the at least one frame supply plenum and not fluidically coupled thereto. ### Claim 15 (depends on 1) The system according to claim 1, further comprising an air conditioning system fluidically coupled to the at least one frame supply plenum via at least one supply base plenum and fluidically coupled to the at least one frame return plenum via at least one return base plenum, the air conditioning system configured to force the supply airflow through the at least one supply base plenum and to the at least one frame supply plenum under positive pressure, and draw the return airflow through the at least one return base plenum from the at least one frame return plenum under negative pressure. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The system according to claim 15, wherein the air conditioning system is configured to maintain the at least one environmental cultivation chamber under positive pressure. ### Claim 17 (depends on 15) The system according to claim 15, wherein the least one supply base plenum and the at least one return base plenum extend beneath the first rack system and the air conditioning system. ### Claim 18 (depends on 1) The system according to claim 1, wherein the at least one frame supply plenum consists of at least one rigid duct. ### Claim 19 (depends on 1) The system according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of panels comprise a plurality of separate and distinct panels. ### Claim 20 (depends on 1) The system according to claim 1, wherein the first rack system further comprises at least one lighting device positioned within the at least one environmental cultivation chamber, and wherein the plurality of panels each comprise an inner surface that faces the at least one environmental cultivation chamber and is configured to reflect at least about 75% of light emitted from the at least one lighting device. ### Claim 21 (depends on 1) The system according to claim 1, wherein the at least one frame return plenum extends upwardly from the bottom side of the first rack system and to the at least one input diffusion assembly. ### Claim 22 (depends on 1) The system according to claim 1, wherein the at least one frame return plenum consists of one or more rigid duct. ### Claim 23 (depends on 1) The system according to claim 1, wherein the at least one frame supply plenum and the at least one frame return plenum of the first rack system each define an open bottom end at bottom sides thereof, and wherein the system further comprises: at least one supply base plenum extending beneath the open bottom end of the at least one frame supply plenum of the first rack system and being in fluid communication with the at least one frame supply plenum of the first rack system via the open bottom end thereof; and at least one return base plenum extending beneath the open bottom end of the at least one frame return plenum of the first rack system and being in fluid communication with the at least one frame return plenum of the first rack system via the open bottom thereof. ### Claim 24 (depends on 23) The system according to claim 23, further comprising an air handling second rack system comprising: at least one second frame supply plenum extending upwardly from a bottom side of the second rack system; at least one second frame return plenum extending upwardly from the bottom side of the second rack system; at least one second input diffusion assembly physically supported by and fluidically coupled to the at least one second frame supply plenum, the at least one second input diffusion assembly being configured to direct a supply airflow flowing through the at least one second frame supply plenum downwardly from an underside of the at least one second input diffusion assembly; at least one second plant support tray assembly physically supported by and fluidically coupled to the at least one second frame return plenum, the at least one second plant support tray assembly being positioned below the at least one second input diffusion assembly to form at least one second environmental cultivation chamber therebetween; and a second plurality of panels that collectively extend about a periphery of at least a portion of the at least one second environmental cultivation chamber to substantially enclose the at least one second environmental cultivation chamber, wherein the second rack system is configured to direct the supply airflow through the at least one second environmental cultivation chamber from the at least one second input diffusion assembly to the at least one second plant support tray assembly past at least one plant positioned on a support side of the at least one second plant support tray assembly and into the at least one second frame return plenum as a return airflow, wherein the at least one supply base plenum extends beneath the open bottom end of the at least one second frame supply plenum of the second rack system and is in fluid communication with the at least one second frame supply plenum of the second rack system via the open bottom end thereof, and wherein the at least one return base plenum extends beneath the open bottom end of the at least one second frame return plenum of the second rack system and is in fluid communication with the at least one second frame return plenum of the second rack system via the open bottom thereof. ### Claim 25 A horticulture system, comprising: an air handling first rack system comprising: at least one frame supply plenum extending upwardly from a bottom side of the first rack system; at least one frame return plenum extending upwardly from the bottom side of the first rack system; at least one input diffusion assembly fluidically coupled to the at least one frame supply plenum, the at least one input diffusion assembly being configured to direct a supply airflow flowing through the at least one frame supply plenum downwardly from an underside of the at least one input diffusion assembly; at least one plant support tray assembly physically supported by and fluidically coupled to the at least one frame return plenum, the at least one plant support tray assembly being positioned below the at least one input diffusion assembly to form at least one environmental cultivation chamber therebetween; and a plurality of panels that collectively extend about a periphery of at least a portion of the at least one environmental cultivation chamber to substantially enclose the at least one environmental cultivation chamber, wherein the least one at least one frame supply plenum physically supports the at least one input diffusion assembly in an elevated position spaced above the at least one plant support tray assembly such that the at least one input diffusion assembly extends over the at least one plant support tray assembly, and wherein the first rack system is configured to direct the supply airflow through the at least one environmental cultivation chamber from the at least one input diffusion assembly to the at least one plant support tray assembly past at least one plant positioned on a support side of the at least one plant support tray assembly and into the at least one frame return plenum as a return airflow, wherein the at least one plant support tray assembly comprises a plant support platform that defines the support side, and the plant support platform comprises a plurality of first return apertures extending therethrough for a flow of the return airflow therethrough, wherein the at least one plant support tray assembly further comprises a return passageway configured to direct the flow of the return airflow flowing through the plant support platform through the return passageway and to the at least one frame return plenum, and wherein the return passageway extends along a pathway that extends about an internal cavity such that an inner side wall of the return passageway defines an outer border of the internal cavity, and wherein the internal cavity is in fluid communication with the return passageway via a plurality of through holes in the inner side wall of the return passageway that are spaced along the outer border. ### Claim 26 (depends on 25) The system according to claim 25, wherein the return passageway extends about and defines an outer periphery of the internal cavity, and wherein the first rack system further comprises filters positioned within the plurality of through holes. ### Claim 27 (depends on 26) The system according to claim 26, wherein a height of a portion of the at least one input plenum between the at least one input diffusion assembly and the at least one plant support tray assembly is adjustable such that a height of the at least one environmental cultivation chamber is adjustable. ### Claim 28 A horticulture system, comprising: an air handling first rack system comprising: at least one frame supply plenum extending upwardly from a bottom side of the first rack system; at least one frame return plenum extending upwardly from the bottom side of the first rack system; at least one input diffusion assembly physically supported by and fluidically coupled to the at least one frame supply plenum, the at least one input diffusion assembly being configured to direct a supply airflow flowing through the at least one frame supply plenum downwardly from an underside of the at least one input diffusion assembly; at least one plant support tray assembly physically supported by and fluidically coupled to the at least one frame return plenum, the at least one plant support tray assembly being positioned below the at least one input diffusion assembly to form at least one environmental cultivation chamber therebetween; and a plurality of panels that collectively extend about a periphery of at least a portion of the at least one environmental cultivation chamber to substantially enclose the at least one environmental cultivation chamber, wherein the first rack system is configured to direct the supply airflow through the at least one environmental cultivation chamber from the at least one input diffusion assembly to the at least one plant support tray assembly past at least one plant positioned on a support side of the at least one plant support tray assembly and into the at least one frame return plenum as a return airflow, and wherein the at least one frame supply plenum comprises at least one length adjustable plenum portion positioned at least partially below the at least one input diffusion assembly and above the at least one plant support tray assembly, the at least one length adjustable plenum portion configured to adjust a height of the at least one input diffusion assembly with respect to the at least one plant support tray, and thereby a height of the at least one environmental cultivation chamber. ### Claim 29 (depends on 28) The system according to claim 28, wherein each of the at least one length adjustable plenum portion comprises a first adjustable plenum member and a second adjustable plenum member being telescopingly arranged. ### Claim 30 (depends on 28) The system according to claim 28, wherein the at least one frame supply plenum, the at least one frame return plenum, the at least one input diffusion assembly and the at least one plant support tray assembly form a free-standing rack with the at least one frame supply plenum and the at least one frame return plenum being support legs of the free-standing rack. ### Claim 31 A horticulture system, comprising: an air handling first rack system comprising: at least one frame supply plenum extending upwardly from a bottom side of the first rack system; at least one frame return plenum extending upwardly from the bottom side of the first rack system; at least one input diffusion assembly fluidically coupled to the at least one frame supply plenum, the at least one input diffusion assembly being configured to direct a supply airflow flowing through the at least one frame supply plenum downwardly from an underside of the at least one input diffusion assembly; at least one plant support tray assembly physically supported by and fluidically coupled to the at least one frame return plenum, the at least one plant support tray assembly being positioned below the at least one input diffusion assembly to form at least one environmental cultivation chamber therebetween; and a plurality of panels that collectively extend about a periphery of at least a portion of the at least one environmental cultivation chamber to substantially enclose the at least one environmental cultivation chamber, wherein the least one at least one frame supply plenum physically supports the at least one input diffusion assembly in an elevated position spaced above the at least one plant support tray assembly such that the at least one input diffusion assembly extends over the at least one plant support tray assembly, and wherein the first rack system is configured to direct the supply airflow through the at least one environmental cultivation chamber from the at least one input diffusion assembly to the at least one plant support tray assembly past at least one plant positioned on a support side of the at least one plant support tray assembly and into the at least one frame return plenum as a return airflow, wherein the at least one frame supply plenum comprises a first frame supply plenum positioned proximate to a first end of the first rack system and a first face of the first rack system, and a second frame supply plenum positioned proximate to a second end of the first rack system that opposes the first end and the first face of the first rack system, and wherein the at least one input diffusion assembly extends between the first and second frame supply plenums in a first direction that extends between the first and second ends of the first rack system, and wherein the at least one frame return plenum comprises a first frame return plenum positioned proximate to the first end of the first rack system and a second face of the first rack system that opposes the first face, and a second support return plenum positioned proximate to the second end of the first rack system and the second face of the first rack system, wherein the at least one input diffusion assembly and the at least one plant support tray assembly extend between the first and second frame supply plenums and between the first and second frame return plenums in the first direction, and wherein the at least one input diffusion assembly and the at least one plant support tray assembly extend between the first frame supply plenum and the first frame return plenum, and between the second frame supply plenum and the second frame return plenum, in a second direction that extends between the first and second faces of the first rack system. ### Claim 32 A horticulture system, comprising: an air handling first rack system comprising: at least one frame supply plenum extending upwardly from a bottom side of the first rack system; at least one frame return plenum extending upwardly from the bottom side of the first rack system; at least one input diffusion assembly fluidically coupled to the at least one frame supply plenum, the at least one input diffusion assembly being configured to direct a supply airflow flowing through the at least one frame supply plenum downwardly from an underside of the at least one input diffusion assembly; at least one plant support tray assembly physically supported by and fluidically coupled to the at least one frame return plenum, the at least one plant support tray assembly being positioned below the at least one input diffusion assembly to form at least one environmental cultivation chamber therebetween; and a plurality of panels that collectively extend about a periphery of at least a portion of the at least one environmental cultivation chamber to substantially enclose the at least one environmental cultivation chamber, wherein the least one at least one frame supply plenum physically supports the at least one input diffusion assembly in an elevated position spaced above the at least one plant support tray assembly such that the at least one input diffusion assembly extends over the at least one plant support tray assembly, and wherein the first rack system is configured to direct the supply airflow through the at least one environmental cultivation chamber from the at least one input diffusion assembly to the at least one plant support tray assembly past at least one plant positioned on a support side of the at least one plant support tray assembly and into the at least one frame return plenum as a return airflow, and wherein the first rack system comprises a first rack structure consisting of the at least one frame supply plenum and the at least one frame return plenum, and wherein the at least one input diffusion assembly and the at least one plant support tray assembly are physically supported above the bottom side of the first rack system only by the first rack structure.