Interlayered structures for joining dissimilar materials and methods for joining dissimilar metals

An interlayered structure for joining of dissimilar materials by friction welding, comprising:

• a first material substrate;
• a second material substrate having a composition dissimilar from a composition of the first material substrate;
• and
• a plurality of powder interlayers disposed between the first material substrate and the second material substrate, including a first powder interlayer nearest to the first material substrate and a last powder interlayer nearest to the second material substrate,
• wherein a barrier material is provided between adjacent powder interlayers and functioning to separate the adjacent powder interlayers, the barrier material comprising one or more compositional components in common with one or both of the adjacent powder interlayers separated by the barrier material, the barrier material including a barrier foil, barrier mesh, or barrier coating,
• wherein the first powder interlayer composition is selected to have a maximum solid solubility within the composition of the first material substrate that is greater than or equal to the other powder interlayers' solubility within the composition of the first material substrate,
• wherein the last powder interlayer composition is selected to have a maximum solid solubility within the composition of the second material substrate that is greater than or equal to the other powder interlayers' solubility within the composition of the second material substrate, and
• wherein the first material substrate is unjoined with the second material substrate, and wherein the first material substrate and second material substrate are capable of being joined by friction welding.