Electrode for a secondary battery, secondary battery, battery pack and vehicle

A secondary battery, comprising;

• a positive electrode;
• a negative electrode;
• and
• an electrolyte,
• wherein the negative electrode is the electrode comprising a current collector and an active material-containing layer comprising active materials which comprise titanium-containing composite oxide having an orthorhombic crystal structure and a formula Li2+aM12−bTi6−cM2dO14+δ,
• wherein the Li2+aM12−bTi6−cM2dO14+δ, in the active material-containing layer has an intensity ratio Ia/Ib in an X-ray diffraction pattern of the active material-containing layer, the Ia and the Ib being obtained by powder X-ray diffraction method using Cu-Kα ray, the intensity ratio being in a range of 0.5≤Ia/Ib≤2, the Ia being the strongest intensity of a diffraction peak among diffraction peaks appearing in a range of 42° ≤20≤44°, and the Ib being the strongest intensity of a diffraction peak among diffraction peaks appearing in a range of 44° <20≤48°, and
• wherein
• M1 is at least one selected from the group consisting of Sr, Ba, Ca, Mg, Na, Cs, Rb, and K,
• M2 is at least one selected from the group consisting of Zr, Sn, V, Nb, Ta, Mo, V, Y, Fe, Co, Cr, Mn, Ni, and Al,
• a is in a range of 0≤a≤6,
• b is in a range of 0≤b<2,
• c is in a range of 0≤c<6,
• d is in a range of 0≤d<6, and
• δ is in a range of −0.5≤δ≤0.5.

A secondary battery, comprising:

• a positive electrode;
• a negative electrode;
• and
• an electrolyte,
• wherein the positive electrode is the electrode comprising a current collector and an active material-containing layer comprising active materials which comprise titanium-containing composite oxide having an orthorhombic crystal structure and a formula Li2+aM12−bTi6−cM2dO14+δ,
• wherein the Li2+aM12−bTi6−cM2dO14+δ in the active material-containing layer has an intensity ratio Ia/Ib in an X-ray diffraction pattern of the active material-containing layer, the Ia and the Ib being obtained by powder X-ray diffraction method using Cu-Kα ray, the intensity ratio being in a range of 0.5≤Ia/Ib≤2, the Ia being the strongest intensity of a diffraction peak among diffraction peaks appearing in a range of 42° ≤20≤44°, and the Ib being the strongest intensity of a diffraction peak among diffraction peaks appearing in a range of 44° <20≤48°, and
• wherein
• M1 is at least one selected from the group consisting of Sr, Ba, Ca, Mg, Na, Cs, Rb, and K,
• M2 is at least one selected from the group consisting of Zr, Sn, V, Nb, Ta, Mo, W, Y, Fe, Co, Cr, Mn, Ni, and Al,
• a is in a range of 0≤a≤6,
• b is in a range of 0≤b<2,
• c is in a range of 0≤c<6,
• d is in a range of 0≤d<6, and
• δ is in a range of −0.5≤δ≤0.5.

A battery pack, comprising:

• a plurality of secondary batteries comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode and an electrolyte,
• wherein at least one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode is the electrode comprising a current collector and an active material-containing layer comprising active materials which comprise titanium-containing composite oxide having an orthorhombic crystal structure and a formula Li2+aM12−bTi6−cM2dO14+δ,
• wherein the Li2+aM12−bTi6−cM2dO14+δ in the active material-containing layer has an intensity ratio Ia/Ib in an X-ray diffraction pattern of the active material-containing layer, the Ia and the Ib being obtained by powder X-ray diffraction method using Cu-Kα ray, the intensity ratio being in a range of 0.5≤Ia/Ib≤2, the Ia being the strongest intensity of a diffraction peak among diffraction peaks appearing in a range of 42° ≤20≤44°, and the Ib being the strongest intensity of a diffraction peak among diffraction peaks appearing in a range of 44° <20≤48°, and
• wherein
• M1 is at least one selected from the group consisting of Sr, Ba, Ca, Mg, Na, Cs, Rb, and K,
• M2 is at least one selected from the group consisting of Zr, Sn, V, Nb, Ta, Mo, W, Y, Fe, Co, Cr, Mn, Ni, and Al,
• a is in a range of 0≤a≤6,
• b is in a range of 0≤b<2,
• c is in a range of 0≤c<6,
• d is in a range of 0≤d<6, and
• δ is in a range of −0.5≤δ≤0.5.

A vehicle, comprising:

• a plurality of battery packs including a plurality of secondary batteries comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte,
• wherein at least one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode is the electrode comprising a current collector and an active material-containing layer comprising active materials which comprise titanium-containing composite oxide having an orthorhombic crystal structure and a formula Li2+aM12−bTi6−cM2dO14+δ,
• wherein the Li2+aM12−bTi6−cM2dO14+δ in the active material-containing layer has an intensity ratio Ia/Ib in an X-ray diffraction pattern of the active material-containing layer, the Ia and the Ib being obtained by powder X-ray diffraction method using Cu-Kα ray, the intensity ratio being in a range of 0.5≤Ia/Ib≤2, the Ia being the strongest intensity of a diffraction peak among diffraction peaks appearing in a range of 42° ≤20≤44°, and the Ib being the strongest intensity of a diffraction peak among diffraction peaks appearing in a range of 44° <20≤48°, wherein
• M1 is at least one selected from the group consisting of Sr, Ba, Ca, Mg, Na, Cs, Rb, and K,
• M2 is at least one selected from the group consisting of Zr, Sn, V, Nb, Ta, Mo, W, Y, Fe, Co, Cr, Mn, Ni, and Al,
• a is in a range of 0≤a≤6,
• b is in a range of 0≤b<2,
• c is in a range of 0≤c<6,
• d is in a range of 0≤d<6, and
• δ is in a range of −0.5≤δ≤0.5.