# US 11,452,173 B2 · Remote radio head, beamforming method and storage medium > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 11,452,173 B2 - Document ID: US11452173B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 16/652,731 - Filed: 2017-10-04 - Published: 2020-07-30 - Granted: 2022-09-20 - Earliest claimed: 2017-10-04 - Assignees: NEC Corporation - Applicants: NEC Corporation - Inventors: Dileep Kumar; Kazushi Muraoka; Naoto Ishii - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11452173B2 ## CPC - H04W 88/085: {Access point devices with remote components} - H04B 7/024: Co-operative use of antennas of several sites, e.g. in co-ordinated multipoint or co-operative multiple-input multiple-output [MIMO] systems - H04B 7/0617: {for beam forming} - H04W 16/28: using beam steering - H04W 24/02: Arrangements for optimising operational condition - H04W: WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS (broadcast communication H04H; communication systems using wireless links for non-selective communication, e.g. wireless extensions H04M1/72) - H04B: TRANSMISSION ## Abstract Provided a Remote Radio Head (RRH) with multiple antennas generating a plurality of analog beams in a wireless communication system serving at least one user terminal, including a metric calculator that calculates at least one metric representing a traffic demand as a function of spatial direction by using at least a signal of each Radio Frequency chain and a beam former that generates analog beams directed towards a spatial direction determined based on the calculated at least one metric. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A remote radio head comprising: a plurality of sub-arrays, each having a plurality of antenna elements; a plurality of Radio Frequency chains, each performing transformation from a digital baseband signal received via a digital interface from a baseband unit to an RF (radio frequency) signal and from an RF signal received to a digital baseband signal that is to be sent via the digital interface to the baseband unit; a plurality of RF front ends, each performing at least one of transmission of RF signals to the antenna elements of the corresponding sub-array and synthesis of RF signals received from the antenna elements of the corresponding sub-array; a plurality of sets of phase shifters, each set connected between the corresponding RF front end and the antenna elements of the corresponding sub-array; the digital interface that performs at least one of transmission and reception of a digital signal to and from the plurality of the Radio Frequency chains; a memory storing program instruction; and a processor connected to the memory and configured to: monitor a power level of at least a signal inputted to or outputted from each of the Radio Frequency chains; calculate at least one metric representing a traffic demand as a function of spatial direction, by using at least the power level of the at least the signal inputted to or outputted from the each of the Radio Frequency chains; determine a spatial direction, based on the at least one metric currently calculated and metrics calculated previously; and control each set of phase shifters corresponding to the each of the Radio Frequency chains to direct analog beams towards the spatial direction. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The remote radio head according to claim 1, wherein the processor calculates the metric by computing the power level of a digital downlink signal inputted to each of the Radio Frequency chains via the digital interface from the baseband unit. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The remote radio head according to claim 1, wherein the processor calculates the metric by calculating the power level of a digital uplink signal outputted from each of the Radio Frequency chains to the baseband unit via the digital interface. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The remote radio head according to claim 1, wherein the processor calculates the metric by measuring the power level of an analog uplink signal inputted from each of the RF front ends to each of the Radio Frequency chains. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The remote radio head according to claim 1, wherein the processor calculates the metric by measuring the power level of an analog downlink signal outputted from each of the RF chains to each of the RF front ends. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The remote radio head according to claim 1, wherein the processor selects a subset of potential beams that match to the traffic demand and a user distribution in both azimuth and elevation. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The remote radio head according to claim 1, wherein the processor compares the calculated metric for current spatial direction with the metrics calculated previously for spatial directions except the current spatial direction; and determines the spatial direction having a highest metric as a preferred spatial direction. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The remote radio head according to claim 7, wherein the processor, in case there is no logged spatial direction having the highest metric, determines the current spatial direction as the preferred spatial direction. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The remote radio head according to claim 1, further comprising a storage that stores the calculated metric for each spatial direction. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The remote radio head according to claim 1, wherein each of the RF front ends includes: at least one of a splitter that has a single input port and multiple output ports and receives a signal at the single input port from the each of the Radio Frequency chains to split the signal into multiple output ports signals for supply to the antenna elements of the sub-array; and a combiner that has multiple input ports and a signal output port and receives signals at the multiple input ports from the antenna elements of the sub-array to combine the signals into a single output port signal for supply to the each of the Radio Frequency chains. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The remote radio head according to claim 1, wherein a digital downlink signal generated on a Maximum Ratio Transmission (MRT) scheme is inputted to each of the Radio Frequency chains via the digital interface from the baseband unit. ### Claim 12 A beamforming method performed in a remote radio head including: a plurality of sub-arrays, each having a plurality of antenna elements; a plurality of Radio Frequency chains, each performing transformation from a digital baseband signal received via a digital interface from a baseband unit to an RF (radio frequency) signal and from an RF signal received to a digital baseband signal that is to be sent via the digital interface to the baseband unit; a plurality of RF front ends, each performing at least one of transmission of RF signals to the antenna elements of the corresponding sub-array and synthesis of RF signals received from the antenna elements of the corresponding sub-array; a plurality of sets of phase shifters, each set connected between the corresponding RF front end and the antenna elements of the corresponding sub-array; and the digital interface that performs at least one of transmission and reception of a digital signal to and from the plurality of the Radio Frequency chains, the method comprising: monitoring a power level of at least a signal inputted to or outputted from each of the Radio Frequency chains; and calculating at least one metric representing a traffic demand as a function of spatial direction, by using at least the power level of the at least the signal inputted to or outputted from the each of the Radio Frequency chains; determining a spatial direction, based on the at least one metric currently calculated and metrics calculated previously; and controlling each set of phase shifters corresponding to the each of the Radio Frequency chains to direct analog beams towards the spatial direction. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The beamforming method according to claim 12, wherein comprising: calculating the metric by computing the power level of a digital downlink signal inputted to each of the Radio Frequency chains via the digital interface form the baseband unit. ### Claim 14 (depends on 12) The beamforming method according to claim 12, wherein comprising: calculating the metric by calculating the power level of a digital uplink signal outputted from each of the Radio Frequency chains to the baseband unit via the digital interface. ### Claim 15 (depends on 12) The beamforming method according to claim 12, wherein comprising: calculating the metric by measuring the power level of an analog uplink signal inputted from each of the RF front ends to each of the Radio Frequency chains. ### Claim 16 (depends on 12) The beamforming method according to claim 12, wherein comprising: calculating the metric by measuring the power level of an analog downlink signal outputted to each of the RF front ends from each of the Radio Frequency chains. ### Claim 17 A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a program executed by a computer embedded on a remote radio head including: a plurality of sub-arrays, each having a plurality of antenna elements; a plurality of Radio Frequency chains, each performing transformation from a digital baseband signal received via a digital interface from a baseband unit to an RF (radio frequency) signal and from an RF signal received to a digital baseband signal that is to be sent via the digital interface to the baseband unit; a plurality of RF front ends, each performing at least one of transmission of RF signals to the antenna elements of the corresponding sub-array and synthesis of RF signals received from the antenna elements of the corresponding sub-array; a plurality of sets of phase shifters, each set connected between the corresponding RF front end and the antenna elements of the corresponding sub-array; and the digital interface that performs at least one of transmission and reception of a digital signal to and from the plurality of the Radio Frequency chains, the program causing the computer to execute: monitoring a power level of at least a signal inputted to or outputted from each of the Radio Frequency chains; and calculating at least one metric representing a traffic demand as a function of spatial direction, by using at least the power level of the at least the signal inputted to or outputted from the each of the Radio Frequency chains; and determining a spatial direction, based on the at least one metric currently calculated and metrics calculated previously; and controlling each set of phase shifters corresponding to the each of the Radio Frequency chains to direct analog beams towards the spatial direction.