# US 11,452,063 B2 · Null data packet (NDP) ranging measurement feedback > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 11,452,063 B2 - Document ID: US11452063B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 17/131,181 - Filed: 2020-12-22 - Published: 2021-04-15 - Granted: 2022-09-20 - Earliest claimed: 2017-04-25 - Assignees: Marvell Asia Pte Ltd - Applicants: Marvell Asia Pte, Ltd. - Inventors: Liwen Chu; Hongyuan Zhang; Christian R. Berger; Niranjan Grandhe; Sudhir Srinivasa; Hui-Ling Lou - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11452063B2 ## CPC - H04W 64/003: {locating network equipment} - G01S 5/0036: {of measured values, i.e. measurement on mobile and position calculation on base station} - G01S 5/0063: {of measured values, i.e. measurement on base station and position calculation on mobile} - G01S 5/0236: {Assistance data, e.g. base station almanac} - G01S 5/0257: {Hybrid positioning (by coordinating position lines of different shape G01S5/12)} - G01S 13/765: {with exchange of information between interrogator and responder} - H04B 7/0452: Multi-user MIMO systems - H04B 7/0636: {Feedback format} - H04L 25/0202: {Channel estimation} - G01S 5/12: by co-ordinating position lines of different shape, e.g. hyperbolic, circular, elliptical or radial - H04W 84/12: WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks] - H04W: WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS (broadcast communication H04H; communication systems using wireless links for non-selective communication, e.g. wireless extensions H04M1/72) - G01S: RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES - H04B: TRANSMISSION - H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M) ## Abstract A first communication device determines which one or more types of feedback information, from among a plurality of types of feedback information associated with a range measurement exchange session, a second communication device is to provide to the first communication device in a feedback packet transmitted as part of the range measurement exchange session. The first communication device transmits to the second communication device one or more indications of the determined one or more types of feedback information that the second communication device is to provide to the first communication device in the feedback packet. The first communication device performs the range measurement exchange, including receiving the feedback packet from the second communication device, wherein the feedback packet includes the determined one or more types of feedback information. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method for range measurement in a wireless communication network, comprising: determining, at an access point, which one or more types of feedback information, from among a plurality of types of feedback information associated with range measurements, the access point is to provide to a first client station in a range measurement session, including determining whether the access point is to provide angular information associated with range measurements to the first client station in a range measurement session; transmitting, by the access point to the first client station, one or more indications of the determined one or more types of feedback information that the access point is to provide to the first client station in the range measurement session, the one or more indications including a first indication of whether the access point is to provide the angular information to the first client station in the range measurement session; transmitting, by the access point, a first downlink physical layer (PHY) data unit with one or more first trigger frames that are configured to prompt the first client station and one or more second client stations to transmit respective first null data packets (NDPs) a short interface space (SIFS) after an end of reception of the first downlink PHY data unit; receiving, at the access point, a first uplink PHY transmission from the first client station and the one or more second client stations, the first uplink PHY transmission including the first NDPs prompted by the one or more first trigger frames; when the access point is to provide angular information associated with range measurements to the first client station, determining, at the access point, angular information corresponding to receiving the respective first NDP from the first client station; transmitting, by the access point, a second downlink PHY data unit SIFS after an end of reception of the first uplink PHY transmission, wherein the second downlink PHY data unit includes one or more null data packet announcement (NDPA) frames that indicate that the access point will transmit a third downlink PHY data unit SIFS after an end of transmission of the second downlink PHY data unit, the third downlink PHY data unit having one or more second NDPs; transmitting, by the access point, the third downlink PHY data unit SIFS after the end of transmission of the second downlink PHY data unit; generating, at the access point, respective downlink feedback frames for the first client station and the one or more second client stations, wherein a first downlink feedback frame, among the respective downlink feedback frames, for the first client station includes the determined one or more types of feedback information corresponding to the respective first NDP from the first client station and the one or more second NDPs, wherein when the access point is to provide angular information associated with range measurements to the first client station, the first downlink feedback frame is generated to include the angular information corresponding to receiving the respective first NDP from the first client station, and when the access point is not to provide angular information associated with range measurements to the first client station, the first downlink feedback frame is generated to omit the angular information corresponding to receiving the respective first NDP from the first client station; and transmitting, by the access point, a fourth downlink PHY data unit to the first client station and the one or more second client stations SIFS after an end oftransmission ofthe third downlink PHY data unit, the fourth downlink PHY transmission including the downlink feedback frames. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: responsive to receiving the first NDPs, recording, at the access point, respective times of arrival of the first NDPs; and responsive to transmitting the third downlink PHY data unit, recording, at the access point, a time of departure of the one or more second NDPs; wherein the respective downlink feedback frames are generated to include i) the respective times of arrival of the first NDPs, and ii) the time of departure of the one or more second NDPs. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein: responsive to receiving third NDPs from the first client station and the one or more second clients stations during a previous range measurement exchange, recording, at the access point, respective times of arrival of the third NDPs; and responsive to transmitting a fifth downlink PHY data unit with one or more fourth NDPs during the previous range measurement exchange, recording, at the access point, a time of departure of the one or more fourth NDPs; wherein the respective downlink feedback frames are generated to include i) the respective times of arrival of the third NDPs, and ii) the time of departure of the one or more fourth NDPs. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein: determining which one or more types of feedback information the access point is to provide to the first client station comprises determining whether the access point is to provide channel estimate information associated with range measurements to the first client station in the range measurement session; transmitting the one or more indications of the determined one or more types of feedback information that the access point is to provide to the first client station in the range measurement session comprises transmitting a second indication of whether the access point is to provide the channel estimate information to the first client station in the range measurement session; the method further comprises: when the access point is to provide channel estimate information associated with range measurement to the first client station, determining, at the access point, channel estimate information corresponding to receiving the respective first NDP from the first client station; and generating the respective downlink feedback frames comprises: when the access point is to provide channel estimate information associated with range measurements to the first client station, the first downlink feedback frame is generated to include the channel estimate information corresponding to receiving the respective first NDP from the first client station, and when the access point is not to provide channel estimate information associated with range measurements to the first client station, the first downlink feedback frame is generated to omit the channel estimate information corresponding to receiving the respective first NDP from the first client station. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein determining which one or more types of feedback information the access point is to provide comprises: exchanging packets between the access point and the first client station as part of a negotiation prior to transmitting the first downlink PHY data unit. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: transmitting, by the access point, a fifth downlink PHY data unit with one or more second trigger frames that are configured to prompt the first client station and the one or more second client stations to transmit respective uplink feedback frames SIFS after an end of reception of the fifth downlink PHY data unit; receiving, at the access point, a second uplink PHY transmission from the first client station and the one or more second client stations, the second uplink PHY transmission including the uplink feedback frames prompted by the one or more second trigger frames, wherein one of the second trigger frames from the first client station includes the determined one or more types of feedback information; and calculating, at the access point, respective times-of-flight between i) the access point and ii) the first client station and the one or more second client stations, including using respective information in the respective uplink feedback frames to calculate the respective times-of-flight. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The method of claim 6, wherein: the respective uplink feedback frames include i) respective times of departure of third NDPs from the first client station and the one or more second client stations during a previous range measurement exchange, and ii) respective times of arrival of one or more fourth NDPs at the first client station and the one or more second client stations during the previous range measurement exchange; and calculating the respective times-of-flight further using i) the respective times of departure of the third NDPs from the first client station and the one or more second client stations, and ii) the respective times of arrival of the one or more fourth NDPs at the first client station and the one or more second client stations. ### Claim 8 A communication device, comprising: a wireless network interface device associated with an access point, the wireless network interface comprising one or more integrated circuit (IC) devices configured to: determine which one or more types of feedback information, from among a plurality of types of feedback information associated with range measurements, the access point is to provide to a first client station in a range measurement session, including determining whether the access point is to provide angular information associated with range measurements to the first client station in a range measurement session, control the wireless network interface to transmit one or more indications of the determined one or more types of feedback information that the access point is to provide to the first client station in the range measurement session, the one or more indications including a first indication of whether the access point is to provide the angular information to the first client station in the range measurement session, control the wireless network interface to transmit a first downlink physical layer (PHY) data unit with one or more first trigger frames that are configured to prompt the first client station and one or more second client stations to transmit respective first null data packets (NDPs) a short interface space (SIFS) after an end of reception of the first downlink PHY data unit, receive a first uplink PHY transmission from the first client station and the one or more second client stations, the first uplink PHY transmission including the first NDPs prompted by the one or more first trigger frames, when the access point is to provide angular information associated with range measurements to the first client station, determine angular information corresponding to receiving the respective first NDP from the first client station, control the wireless network interface to transmit a second downlink PHY data unit SIFS after an end of reception of the first uplink PHY transmission, wherein the second downlink PHY data unit includes one or more null data packet announcement (NDPA) frames that indicate that the access point will transmit a third downlink PHY data unit SIFS after an end of transmission of the second downlink PHY data unit, the third downlink PHY data unit having one or more second NDPs, control the wireless network interface to transmit the third downlink PHY data unit SIFS after the end of transmission of the second downlink PHY data unit, generate respective downlink feedback frames for the first client station and the one or more second client stations, wherein a first downlink feedback frame, among the respective downlink feedback frames, for the first client station includes the determined one or more types of feedback information corresponding to the respective first NDP from the first client station and the one or more second NDPs, wherein when the access point is to provide angular information associated with range measurements to the first client station, the first downlink feedback frame is generated to include the angular information corresponding to receiving the respective first NDP from the first client station, and when the access point is not to provide angular information associated with range measurements to the first client station, the first downlink feedback frame is generated to omit the angular information corresponding to receiving the respective NDP from the first client station, and control the wireless network interface to transmit a fourth downlink PHY data unit to the first client station and the one or more second client stations SIFS after an end of transmission of the third downlink PHY data unit, the fourth downlink PHY transmission including the downlink feedback frames. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The communication device of claim 8, wherein the one or more IC devices are further configured to: responsive to receiving the first NDPs, record respective times of arrival of the first NDPs; responsive to transmitting the third downlink PHY data unit, record a time of departure of the one or more second NDPs; and generate the respective downlink feedback frames to include i) the respective times of arrival of the first NDPs, and ii) the time of departure of the one or more second NDPs. ### Claim 10 (depends on 8) The communication device of claim 8, wherein the one or more IC devices are further configured to: responsive to receiving third NDPs from the first client station and the one or more second clients stations during a previous range measurement exchange, record respective times of arrival of the third NDPs; responsive to transmitting a fifth downlink PHY data unit with one or more fourth NDPs during the previous range measurement exchange, record a time of departure of the one or more fourth NDPs; and generate the respective downlink feedback frames to include i) the respective times of arrival of the third NDPs, and ii) the time of departure of the one or more fourth NDPs. ### Claim 11 (depends on 8) The communication device of claim 8, wherein the one or more IC devices are further configured to: determine whether the access point is to provide channel estimate information associated with range measurements to the first client station in the range measurement session; in connection with transmitting the one or more indications of the determined one or more types of feedback information that the access point is to provide to the first client station, control the wireless network interface to transmit a second indication of whether the access point is to provide the channel estimate information to the first client station in the range measurement session; when the access point is to provide channel estimate information associated with range measurements to the first client station, determine channel estimate information corresponding to receiving the respective first NDP from the first client station; when the access point is to provide channel estimate information associated with range measurements to the first client station, generate the first downlink feedback frame to include the channel estimate information corresponding to receiving the respective first NDP from the first client station; and when the access point is not to provide channel estimate information associated with range measurements to the first client station, generate the first downlink feedback frame to omit the channel estimate information corresponding to receiving the respective first NDP from the first client station. ### Claim 12 (depends on 8) The communication device of claim 8, wherein the one or more IC devices are configured to determine which one or more types of feedback information the access point is to provide at least by: exchanging packets between the access point and the first client station as part of a negotiation prior to transmitting the first downlink PHY data unit. ### Claim 13 (depends on 8) The communication device of claim 8, wherein the one or more IC devices are further configured to: control the wireless network interface device to transmit a fifth downlink PHY data unit with one or more second trigger frames that are configured to prompt the first client station and the one or more second client stations to transmit respective uplink feedback frames SIFS after an end of reception of the fifth downlink PHY data unit; receive a second uplink PHY transmission from the first client station and the one or more second client stations, the second uplink PHY transmission including the uplink feedback frames prompted by the one or more second trigger frames, wherein one of the uplink feedback frames from the first client station includes the determined one or more types of feedback information; and calculate respective times-of-flight between i) the access point and ii) the first client station and the one or more second client stations, including using respective information in the respective uplink feedback frames to calculate the respective times-of-flight. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The communication device of claim 13, wherein the one or more IC devices are further configured to: receive, in the respective uplink feedback frames, i) respective times of departure of third NDPs from the first client station and the one or more second client stations during a previous range measurement exchange, and ii) respective times of arrival of one or more fourth NDPs at the first client station and the one or more second client stations during the previous range measurement exchange; and calculate the respective times-of-flight further using i) the respective times of departure of the third NDPs from the first client station and the one or more second client stations, and ii) the respective times of arrival of the one or more fourth NDPs at the first client station and the one or more second client stations. ### Claim 15 (depends on 8) The communication device of claim 8, further comprising: a host processor coupled to the wireless network interface device. ### Claim 16 (depends on 8) The communication device of claim 8, wherein the wireless network interface device further comprises: a media access control (MAC) processor implemented using the one or more IC devices, the MAC processor configured to: generate the one or more first trigger frames, generate the one or more NDPA frames, and generate the respective downlink feedback frames; and a PHY processor implemented using the one or more IC devices, the PHY processor configured to: generate the first downlink PHY data unit to include the one or more first trigger frames, receive the first uplink PHY transmission, generate the second downlink PHY data unit to include the one or more NDPA frames, generate the third downlink PHY data unit, and generate the fourth downlink PHY data unit to include the respective downlink feedback frames. ### Claim 17 (depends on 8) The communication device of claim 8, wherein the wireless network interface device further comprises one or more wireless transceivers implemented using the one or more IC devices, the one or more wireless transceivers configured to: transmit the first downlink PHY data unit, receive the first uplink PHY transmission, transmit the second downlink PHY data unit, transmit the third downlink PHY data unit, and transmit the fourth downlink PHY data unit. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The communication device of claim 17, further comprising: one or more antennas coupled to the one or more wireless transceivers.