# US 11,451,897 B1 · Dynamic selection of primary wireless earbud device > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 11,451,897 B1 - Document ID: US11451897B1 - Status: Granted - Kind: B1 - Application number: 16/707,366 - Filed: 2019-12-09 - Granted: 2022-09-20 - Earliest claimed: 2019-12-09 - Assignees: Amazon Technologies, Inc. - Applicants: Amazon Technologies, Inc. - Inventors: Sai Prashanth Chinnapalli; Muhaiyadeen Ansarullah Habibullah; Ganesha Batta - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11451897B1 ## CPC - H04R 1/1041: {Mechanical or electronic switches, or control elements (switches in general H01H)} - H04B 17/318: Received signal strength - H04R 1/1016: {Earpieces of the intra-aural type} - H04W 4/80: Services using short range communication, e.g. near-field communication [NFC], radio-frequency identification [RFID] or low energy communication - H04W 24/08: Testing, {supervising or monitoring} using real traffic - H04W 36/035: {in self-organising networks} - H04W 36/302: {due to low signal strength} - H04W 48/20: Selecting an access point - H04W 76/10: Connection setup - H04R 2420/07: Applications of wireless loudspeakers or wireless microphones - H04W 84/18: Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks - H04W 88/04: adapted for relaying to or from another terminal or user - H04W 92/18: between terminal devices - H04R: LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS (producing sounds with frequency not determined by supply frequency G10K) - H04B: TRANSMISSION - H04W: WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS (broadcast communication H04H; communication systems using wireless links for non-selective communication, e.g. wireless extensions H04M1/72) ## Abstract Systems, methods, and computer-readable media are disclosed for dynamic selection of a primary wireless earbud device. In one embodiment, an example system may include a first wireless earbud device having first memory and at least one first processor configured to access the first memory. The at least one first processor may execute computer-executable instructions to determine a first RSSI value for a first connection to a device, determine a first packet error rate value for the first connection, and determine a first link quality score using the first RSSI value and the first packet error rate value. The at least one first processor may execute computer-executable instructions to determine that the first link quality score is less than or equal to a handover threshold, disconnect from the device, and cause a second wireless earbud device to establish a second connection to the device. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A system comprising: a first earbud comprising a first memory and a first processor; and a second earbud wirelessly coupled to the first earbud over both a Near-Field Magnetic Induction (NFMI) connection and a first Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) connection, the second earbud comprising a second memory and a second processor; wherein the first processor is configured to access the first memory and execute computer-executable instructions to: establish a first Bluetooth connection to a device that is configured to provide audio data to the first earbud; send the audio data to the second earbud; determine, during a first time interval, a first average Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value for the first Bluetooth connection, wherein the first average RSSI value is an integer that corresponds to an average measured RSSI; determine, during the first time interval, a first average packet error rate value for the first Bluetooth connection, wherein the first average packet error rate value is an integer that corresponds to an average measured packet error rate; determine a sum of the first RSSI value and one-fourth of the first average packet error rate value; determine a first link quality score using the sum, wherein the first link quality score is equal to the sum divided by two and subtracted from 100, and wherein the first link quality score represents a quality of the first Bluetooth connection; determine that the first link quality score is less than an earbud handover threshold link quality value, wherein the earbud handover threshold link quality value is used to trigger handover of a connection to the device to a secondary earbud; cause the second earbud to receive the audio data directly from the device over the first Bluetooth connection; and receive the audio data from the second earbud. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the second processor is configured to access the second memory and execute the computer-executable instructions to: receive the first link quality score from the first earbud at a first time; determine, during a second time interval, a second average packet error rate value and a second average packet error rate value for the first Bluetooth connection; determine, using the second average packet error rate value and the second average packet error rate value, a second link quality score; determine that an elapsed time since the first time is less than a valid score threshold, wherein the valid score threshold represents a length of time before a link quality score expires; determine that the second link quality score is less than the first link quality score; determine that a predetermined time since the second earbud started receiving audio data from the device has not elapsed, wherein the predetermined time represents a minimum length of time between handover events; and determine that the second earbud is to continue receiving the audio data from the device. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The system of claim 2, wherein the second processor is further configured to access the second memory and execute the computer-executable instructions to: determine that the elapsed time since the first time is greater than the valid score threshold; determine that the second link quality score is less than the earbud handover threshold link quality value; determine that the predetermined time has elapsed since the first Bluetooth connection was established; cause the first earbud to receive the audio data directly from the device; and receive the audio data from the first earbud. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the first processor is further configured to access the first memory and execute the computer-executable instructions to: determine an average RSSI measurement during a first time interval; determine, based on a first mapping table, the first RSSI value being associated with the average RSSI measurement, the first mapping table comprising association information between average RSSI measurement values and respective RSSI values; determine an average packet error rate measurement during the first time interval; and determine, based on a second mapping table, the first packet error rate value being associated with the average packet error rate measurement, the second mapping table comprising association information between average packet error rate measurement values and respective average packet error rate values. ### Claim 5 A system comprising: a first wireless earbud device comprising first memory and at least one first processor configured to access the first memory and execute computer-executable instructions to: receive audio data directly from a device over a first connection with the device; send the audio data to a second wireless earbud over a second connection; determine a first RSSI value for the first connection over a first time period; determine a first packet error rate value for the first connection during the first time period; determine a first link quality score using a sum of the first RSSI value and one-fourth of the first packet error rate value, wherein the first link quality score is equal to the sum divided by two and subtracted from 100; determine that the first link quality score is less than or equal to a handover threshold value; cause a second wireless earbud device to receive audio data directly from the device; and receive the audio data from the second wireless earbud device over the second connection. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) The system of claim 5, wherein the at least one first processor is further configured to access the first memory and execute the computer-executable instructions to: prior to causing the second wireless earbud device to receive the audio data directly from the device, determine that a first handover threshold time has elapsed since the first connection was established. ### Claim 7 (depends on 5) The system of claim 5, wherein the at least one first processor is further configured to access the first memory and execute the computer-executable instructions to: receive, after a second handover threshold time has elapsed, a second link quality score from the second wireless earbud device, wherein the second link quality score is less than the first link quality score; receive the audio data directly from the device; and send the audio data to the second wireless earbud device via the second connection; wherein the second handover threshold time is longer than the first handover threshold time. ### Claim 8 (depends on 5) The system of claim 5, wherein the second wireless earbud device comprises second memory and at least one second processor configured to access the second memory and execute computer-executable instructions to: receive the first link quality score from the first wireless earbud device; receive the audio data directly from the device; determine a second link quality score for the first connection; determine that the second link quality score is greater than the first link quality score and less than or equal to the handover threshold value; and maintain the first connection. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The system of claim 8, wherein the at least one second processor is further configured to access the second memory and execute the computer-executable instructions to: determine that a difference between a first battery level of the first wireless earbud device and a second battery level of the second wireless earbud device is greater than a predetermined value; and cause the first wireless earbud device to receive audio data directly from the device. ### Claim 10 (depends on 8) The system of claim 8, wherein the at least one second processor is further configured to access the second memory and execute the computer-executable instructions to: determine that an elapsed time since the first link quality score was received is greater than a valid score threshold time; determine a third link quality score for the first connection; determine that the third link quality score is less than or equal to the handover threshold value; and cause the first wireless earbud device to receive the audio data directly from the device. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The system of claim 10, wherein the at least one first processor is further configured to access the first memory and execute the computer-executable instructions to: determine a fourth link quality score for the first connection; determine that the fourth link quality score is greater than the handover threshold value; and maintain the first connection. ### Claim 12 (depends on 5) The system of claim 5, wherein the at least one first processor is further configured to access the first memory and execute the computer-executable instructions to: receive a second link quality score for the first connection from the second wireless earbud device prior to establishment of the first connection; determine that an elapsed time since the second link quality score was received is less than a valid score threshold time; and determine that the second wireless earbud device was removed from an ear. ### Claim 13 (depends on 5) The system of claim 5, wherein the at least one first processor is further configured to access the first memory and execute the computer-executable instructions to: determine an average RSSI measurement during a first time interval; determine, based on a first mapping table, the first RSSI value being associated with the average RSSI measurement, the first mapping table comprising association information between average RSSI measurement values and respective RSSI values; determine an average packet error rate measurement during the first time interval; and determine, based on a second mapping table, the first packet error rate value being associated with the average packet error rate measurement, the second mapping table comprising association information between average packet error rate measurement values and respective average packet error rate values. ### Claim 14 (depends on 5) The system of claim 5, wherein the second connection is an audio-only connection, and wherein the first wireless earbud device is also coupled to the second wireless earbud device over a third connection separate from the second connection, wherein the third connection is used to exchange control and configuration data. ### Claim 15 A method comprising: determining, by a first wireless earbud device, a first RSSI value for a first connection to a device, wherein the first wireless earbud device receives audio data directly from the device; determining, by the first wireless earbud device, a first packet error rate value for the first connection; determining a first link quality score using a sum of the first RSSI value and one-fourth of the first packet error rate value, wherein the first link quality score is equal to the sum divided by two and subtracted from 100; determining, by the first wireless earbud device, that the first link quality score is less than or equal to a handover threshold value; causing, by the first wireless earbud device, a second wireless earbud device in wireless communication with the first wireless earbud device to receive audio data directly from the device; determining, by the second wireless earbud device, that a second link quality score for the first connection is less than or equal to the handover threshold value; and causing, by the second wireless earbud device, the first wireless earbud device to receive the audio data directly from the device. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The method of claim 15, further comprising: determining, by the first wireless earbud device, that a first handover threshold time has elapsed since the first connection was established. ### Claim 17 (depends on 15) The method of claim 15, further comprising: receiving, by the second wireless earbud device, the first link quality score from the first wireless earbud device; determining, by the second wireless earbud device, a second link quality score for the second connection; determining, by the second wireless earbud device, that the second link quality score is greater than the first link quality score and less than or equal to the handover threshold; and maintaining, by the second wireless earbud device, the first connection. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The method of claim 17, further comprising: determining, by the second wireless earbud device, that an elapsed time since the first link quality score was received is greater than a valid score threshold time; determining, by the second wireless earbud device, a third link quality score for the first connection; determining, by the second wireless earbud device, that the third link quality score is less than or equal to the handover threshold value; and causing, by the second wireless earbud device, the first wireless earbud device to receive the audio data directly from the device. ### Claim 19 (depends on 15) The method of claim 15, further comprising: determining, by the second wireless earbud device, that a difference between a first battery level of the first wireless earbud device and a second battery level of the second wireless earbud device satisfies a battery consumption threshold; and causing, by the second wireless earbud device, the first wireless earbud device to receive the audio data directly from the device.