# US 11,451,161 B2 · Power switcher, power rectifier, and power converter including cascode-connected transistors > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 11,451,161 B2 - Document ID: US11451161B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 17/013,981 - Filed: 2020-09-08 - Published: 2021-04-29 - Granted: 2022-09-20 - Earliest claimed: 2019-10-25 - Assignees: Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba - Applicants: Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba - Inventors: Yusuke Hayashi; Kazuto Takao; Kentaro Ikeda - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11451161B2 ## CPC - H02M 7/219: in a bridge configuration - H02M 1/08: Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters - H02M 3/158: including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load - H02M 3/3376: {with automatic control of output voltage or current} - H02M 7/2195: {the switches being synchronously commutated at the same frequency of the AC input voltage} - H03K 17/6871: {the output circuit comprising more than one controlled field-effect transistor} - H02M 1/0003: {Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits} - H02M 1/0058: {by employing soft switching techniques, i.e. commutation of transistors when applied voltage is zero or when current flow is zero (using an auxiliary actively switched resonant commutation circuit connected to an intermediate DC voltage or between two push-pull branches of an inverter bridge H02M7/4811; in resonant inverters H02M7/4815; in inverters operating from a resonant DC source H02M7/4826)} - H02M 1/007: {Plural converter units in cascade (push-pull DC/DC converters with pre-regulator H02M3/3374; DC-AC converters following a DC-DC stage including a high frequency transformer H02M7/4807; DC-AC converters following a DC-DC conversion stage generating periodically varying voltages H02M7/4826)} - H02M 1/0074: {Plural converter units whose inputs are connected in series} - H02M 1/088: for the simultaneous control of series or parallel connected semiconductor devices - H02M 3/285: {Single converters with a plurality of output stages connected in parallel (parallel operation of a plurality of converters in DC distribution networks H02J1/10)} - H02M 7/08: arranged for operation in parallel - H02M: APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF (transformers H01F; dynamo-electric converters H02K47/00; controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, control or regulation of electric motors, generators or dynamo-electric converters H02P) - H03K: PULSE TECHNIQUE (measuring pulse characteristics G01R; modulating sinusoidal oscillations with pulses H03C; transmission of digital information H04L; discriminator circuits detecting phase difference between two signals by counting or integrating cycles of oscillation H03D3/04; automatic control, starting, synchronisation or stabilisation of generators of electronic oscillations or pulses where the type of generator is irrelevant or unspecified H03L; coding, decoding or code conversion, in general H03M) ## Abstract A power switcher includes a first normally-off transistor that switches between interrupting and not interrupting a current path between first and second electrodes according to a drive voltage input to a first control electrode, a second normally-on transistor cascode-connected to the first transistor and including a second control electrode to which the second electrode of the first transistor is connected, a control voltage generator that generates a control voltage in accordance with a voltage between the first and second electrodes of the first transistor, and a drive voltage generator that generates a drive voltage equal to or lower than a withstand voltage of the first transistor in accordance with the control voltage. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A power switcher, comprising: a first normally-off transistor including a first electrode, second electrode and a first control electrode, the first normally-off transistor switching between interrupting and not interrupting a current path between first and second electrodes according to a drive voltage input to the first control electrode; a second normally-on transistor cascode-connected to the first normally-off transistor and including a second control electrode to which the second electrode of the first normally-off transistor is connected; a control voltage generator that generates a control voltage in accordance with a voltage between the first and second electrodes of the first normally-off transistor; and a drive voltage generator that generates the drive voltage equal to or lower than a withstand voltage of the first normally-off transistor in accordance with the control voltage, wherein the second control electrode is applied with a voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode of the first normally-off transistor, and the first electrode is a drain, and the second electrode is a source. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The power switcher according to claim 1, further comprising: a first rectifying element connected between the first and second electrodes of the first normally-off transistor; and a second rectifying element connected between a third electrode and a fourth electrode of the second normally-on transistor, wherein a gate voltage of the first normally-off transistor and a gate voltage of the second normally-on transistor are set in a manner that, when the first normally-off transistor is turned on, an electric current passes from the second electrode to the first electrode through the first normally-off transistor, and an electric current passes from the fourth electrode to the third electrode through the second normally-on transistor. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The power switcher according to claim 1, further comprising: a polarity determination controller that determines whether to instruct the drive voltage generator to generate the drive voltage to turn on the first normally-off transistor in accordance with a polarity of the voltage between the first and second electrodes of the first normally-off transistor, wherein the drive voltage generator applies the drive voltage to the first control electrode when the polarity determination controller gives an instruction to generate the drive voltage. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The power switcher according to claim 1, wherein a withstand voltage of the second normally-on transistor is higher than the withstand voltage of the first normally-off transistor. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The power switcher according to claim 1, further comprising: a third normally-on transistor cascode-connected to the second normally-on transistor; and a third rectifying element connected between a third control electrode of a third transistor and the second control electrode of the second normally-on transistor. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) The power switcher according to claim 5, wherein a withstand voltage of the third transistor is higher than the withstand voltage of the first normally-off transistor. ### Claim 7 (depends on 5) The power switcher according to claim 5, wherein the third transistor comprises n (n is an integer of 2 or more) cascode-connected transistors, and a withstand voltage of the third transistor is adjusted according to a value n and a sum of withstand voltages of the cascode-connected transistors. ### Claim 8 A power rectifier, comprising: first and second input terminals to which an AC input voltage is applied; first and second output terminals from which a rectified voltage is output; and a first power switcher connected between the first or second input terminal and the first or second output terminal, wherein the first power switcher comprises a first normally-off transistor including a first electrode, second electrode and a first control electrode, the first normally-off transistor switching between interrupting and not interrupting a current path between first and second electrodes according to a drive voltage input to the first control electrode, a second normally-on transistor cascode-connected to the first normally-off transistor and including a second control electrode to which the second electrode of the first normally-off transistor is connected, a control voltage generator that generates a control voltage in accordance with a voltage between the first and second electrodes of the first normally-off transistor, and a drive voltage generator that generates the drive voltage equal to or lower than a withstand voltage of the first normally-off transistor in accordance with the control voltage, wherein the second electrode is connected to the first or second input terminal, a third electrode of the second normally-on transistor is connected to the first or second output terminal, the second control electrode is applied with a voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode of the first normally-off transistor, and the first electrode is a drain, and the second electrode is a source. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The power rectifier according to claim 8, wherein the third electrode outputs a half-wave rectified voltage. ### Claim 10 (depends on 8) The power rectifier according to claim 8, further comprising: second, third, and fourth power switchers each having the first normally-off transistor, the second normally-on transistor, the control voltage generator, and the drive voltage generator, wherein the first power switcher switches between passing and not passing an electric current from the first input terminal to the first output terminal, the second power switcher switches between passing and not passing the electric current from the second output terminal to the second input terminal, the third power switcher switches between passing and not passing the electric current from the second input terminal to the first output terminal, the fourth power switcher switches between passing and not passing the electric current from the second output terminal to the first input terminal, and the first output terminal outputs a full-wave rectified voltage. ### Claim 11 (depends on 8) The power rectifier according to claim 8, further comprising: a first rectifying element connected between the first and second electrodes of the first normally-off transistor; and a second rectifying element connected between third and fourth electrodes of the second normally-on transistor, wherein a gate voltage of the first normally-off transistor and a gate voltage of the second normally-on transistors are set in a manner that, when the first normally-off transistor is turned on, an electric current passes from the second electrode to the first electrode through the first normally-off transistor, and the electric current passes from the fourth electrode to the third electrode through the second normally-on transistor. ### Claim 12 (depends on 8) The power rectifier according to claim 8, further comprising: a polarity determination controller that determines whether to instruct the drive voltage generator to generate the drive voltage to turn on the first normally-off transistor in accordance with the polarity of the voltage between the first and second electrodes of the first normally-off transistor, wherein the drive voltage generator applies the drive voltage to the first control electrode when the polarity determination controller gives an instruction to generate the drive voltage. ### Claim 13 (depends on 8) The power rectifier according to claim 8, wherein a withstand voltage of the second normally-on transistor is higher than the withstand voltage of the first normally-off transistor. ### Claim 14 (depends on 8) The power rectifier according to claim 8, further comprising: a third normally-on transistor cascode-connected to the second normally-on transistor; and a third rectifying element connected between a third control electrode of a third transistor and the second control electrode of the second normally-on transistor. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The power rectifier according to claim 14, wherein a withstand voltage of the third transistor is higher than the withstand voltage of the first normally-off transistor. ### Claim 16 (depends on 14) The power rectifier according to claim 14, wherein the third transistor comprises n (n is an integer of 2 or more) cascode-connected transistors, and a withstand voltage of the third transistor is adjusted according to a value n and a sum of withstand voltages of the cascode-connected transistors. ### Claim 17 A power converter, comprising: first and second input terminals to which an AC input voltage is applied; a plurality of AC-DC converters connected in series between the first and second input terminals and each converting a divided input voltage, which is obtained by dividing the AC input voltage, to a full-wave rectified voltage in an electrically isolated state; and first and second output terminals from which the full-wave rectified voltage converted by the plurality of AC-DC converters is output, wherein the AC-DC converters each comprise a power rectifier that rectifies the divided input voltage, and a DC-DC converter that converts a voltage level of an output voltage of the power rectifier, the power rectifier comprises a first power switcher, the first power switcher comprises a first normally-off transistor including a first electrode, a second electrode and the first control electrode, the first normally-off transistor switching between interrupting and not interrupting a current path between the first and second electrodes according to a drive voltage input to the first control electrode, a second normally-on transistor cascode-connected to the first normally-off transistor and including a second control electrode to which the second electrode of the first normally-off transistor is connected, a control voltage generator that generates a control voltage in accordance with a voltage between the first and second electrodes of the first normally-off transistor, and a drive voltage generator that generates the drive voltage having a withstand voltage equal to or lower than the withstand voltage of the first normally-off transistor in accordance with the control voltage, the divided input voltage is input to the second electrode, a voltage output from a third electrode of the second normally-on transistor is input to the DC-DC converter, the second control electrode is applied with a voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode of the first normally-off transistor, and the first electrode is a drain, and the second electrode is a source. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The power converter according to claim 17, wherein the AC-DC converter each comprise third and fourth input terminals to which the divided input voltage is applied, third and fourth output terminals from which a rectified voltage is output, and second, third, and fourth power switchers each including the first normally-off transistor, the second normally-on transistor, the control voltage generator, and the drive voltage generator, the first power switcher switches between passing or not passing an electric current from the third input terminal to the third output terminal, the second power switcher switches between passing and not passing the electric current from the fourth output terminal to the fourth input terminal, the third power switcher switches between passing and not passing the electric current from the fourth input terminal to the third output terminal, the fourth power switcher switches between passing and not passing the electric current from the fourth output terminal to the third input terminal, and the third electrode outputs a full-wave rectified voltage. ### Claim 19 (depends on 17) The power converter according to claim 17, wherein the DC-DC converters each comprise a plurality of switching elements cascode-connected between first and second nodes to which the output voltage of the power rectifier is applied, and a local controller that turns on or off the plurality of switching elements at a predetermined duty ratio. ### Claim 20 (depends on 19) The power converter according to claim 19, wherein the local controller turns on or off the plurality of switching elements at the predetermined duty ratio independently of operations of other DC-DC converters.