# US 11,445,480 B2 · Apparatuses, methods, and computer-readable medium for communication in a wireless local area network > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 11,445,480 B2 - Document ID: US11445480B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 16/920,703 - Filed: 2020-07-04 - Published: 2020-10-22 - Granted: 2022-09-13 - Earliest claimed: 2015-07-16 - Applicants: Communication Systems LLC - Inventors: Ali Atefi - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11445480B2 ## CPC - H04W 72/04: Wireless resource allocation - H04L 69/22: Parsing or analysis of headers - H04W 72/046: {the resource being in the space domain, e.g. beams} - H04W 72/21: in the uplink direction of a wireless link, i.e. towards the network - H04W 72/23: in the downlink direction of a wireless link, i.e. towards a terminal - H04W 74/0816: with collision avoidance - H04W 74/08: Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA (hybrid access H04W74/02) - H04W 84/12: WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks] - Y02D 30/70: in wireless communication networks - H04W: WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS (broadcast communication H04H; communication systems using wireless links for non-selective communication, e.g. wireless extensions H04M1/72) - H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M) - Y02D: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE ## Abstract Various aspects related to various apparatuses, methods, and computer-readable medium are described herein. Some aspects may enable an apparatus to protect downlink (DL) communication(s). Some aspects may enable an apparatus to perform DL communication(s). Some aspects may enable an apparatus to communicate regarding uplink (UL) communication(s). Some aspects may enable an apparatus to perform operation(s) related to an allocation vector. Some aspects may enable an apparatus to perform operation(s) related to random access. Some aspects may enable an apparatus to perform UL communication(s). The written description and appended drawings provide detailed descriptions regarding these and many other aspects. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A station (STA) for wireless communication, the STA comprising: at least one transceiver; and one or more processors configured to: receive a first downlink (DL) communication that (1) includes information for identifying a plurality of STAs and (2) is configured to cause each STA of the plurality of STAs to transmit a first uplink (UL) communication configured to protect a second DL communication comprising a multiuser transmission to the plurality of STAs; and after transmitting the first UL communication, (1) receive the second DL communication comprising the multiuser transmission, the multiuser transmission comprising a packet for the plurality of STAs and comprising at least a field useable by at least the STA, (2) based at least in part on at least the field included in the packet, determine (A) a total number of space-time streams (STSs) included in the packet and (B) a set of values indicating a number of STSs for each of at least two STAs of the plurality of STAs, wherein at least one of the values in the set of values comprises a value equal to (i) the total number of STSs included in the packet minus (ii) one or more other values in the set of values, (3) while processing the packet, consider (A) a user position (UP) value of the STA and (B) a number of STSs allocated to one or more STAs having one or more UP values different from the UP value of the STA, wherein (i) a first number of STSs intended for a first STA comprises a first value, (ii) one or more other numbers of STSs intended for one or more other STAs different from the first STA comprise one or more other values, and (iii) the first value of the first number of STSs intended for the first STA is greater than or equal to each of the one or more other values of the one or more other numbers of STSs intended for the one or more other STAs different from the first STA, (4) receive a third DL communication that (A) is configured to trigger UL transmission by two or more STAs in response to receiving the third DL communication and (B) includes a request that solicits an acknowledgement message from each of the two or more STAs, and (5) after the third DL communication, transmit a second UL communication comprising a message indicating whether the third DL communication was successfully received by at least the STA, the message transmitted by at least the STA even if at least one other STA of the two or more STAs is transmitting another message indicating whether the third DL communication was successfully received by the at least one other STA of the two or more STAs. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The STA of claim 1, wherein at least the first DL communication or the third DL communication indicates whether a subsequent communication is scheduled for communication following communication of at least the first DL communication or the third DL communication, the subsequent communication indicating at least a duration of or a resource allocation of at least a portion of at least one UL transmission, following the subsequent communication, by at least one STA. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The STA of claim 1, wherein: (1) at least (A) the first value of the first number of STSs intended for the first STA does not include one or more possible values if addition of the one or more possible values to the one or more other values of the one or more other numbers of STSs intended for the one or more other STAs different from the first STA generates a sum that exceeds the total number of STSs of the packet of the second DL communication, or (B) each of the one or more other values of the one or more other numbers of STSs intended for the one or more other STAs different from the first STA is limited to one or more values that each never exceed the first value of the first number of STSs intended for the first STA; and (2) the considering the number of STSs allocated to the one or more STAs having the one or more UP values different from the UP value of the STA is for determining which one or more STSs of a plurality of STSs in the packet of the second DL communication is/are intended for the STA. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The STA of claim 1, wherein at least the first DL communication or the third DL communication (1) is configured to trigger simultaneous UL transmissions by more than one STA after receiving at least the first DL communication or the third DL communication, and (2) comprises (A) information for identifying the more than one STA for the simultaneous UL transmissions within the period of time after receiving at least the first DL communication or the third DL communication, (B) information useable by the more than one STA for determining a modulation and coding scheme, and (C) a portion including a plurality of user-specific fields indicating a description of resource allocation for simultaneous UL transmission by the more than one STA within the period of time after receiving at least the first DL communication or the third DL communication. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The STA of claim 1, wherein: (1) at least (A) the transmission of the first UL communication configured to protect the second DL communication comprising the multiuser transmission to the plurality of STAs is based on an end time of the first DL communication that is configured to cause each STA of the plurality of STAs to transmit the first UL communication configured to protect the second DL communication comprising the multiuser transmission to the plurality of STAs, or (B) the first DL communication comprises a first scrambling seed, the first UL communication comprises a second scrambling seed, and the first scrambling seed is the same as or substantially similar to the second scrambling seed; and (2) at least the first DL communication or the third DL communication comprises a description of at least a duration of or a resource allocation of at least a portion of one or more UL transmissions following at least the first DL communication or the third DL communication. ### Claim 6 A method of wireless communication by a station (STA), the method comprising: receiving a first downlink (DL) communication that (1) includes information for identifying a plurality of STAs and (2) is configured to cause each STA of the plurality of STAs to transmit a first uplink (UL) communication configured to protect a second DL communication comprising a multiuser transmission to the plurality of STAs; and after transmitting the first UL communication, (1) receiving the second DL communication comprising the multiuser transmission, the multiuser transmission comprising a packet for the plurality of STAs and comprising at least a field useable by at least the STA, (2) based at least in part on at least the field included in the packet, determining (A) a total number of space-time streams (STSs) included in the packet and (B) a set of values indicating a number of STSs for each of at least two STAs of the plurality of STAs, wherein at least one of the values in the set of values comprises a value equal to (i) the total number of STSs included in the packet minus (ii) one or more other values in the set of values, (3) while processing the packet, considering (A) a user position (UP) value of the STA and (B) a number of STSs allocated to one or more STAs having one or more UP values different from the UP value of the STA, wherein (i) a first number of STSs intended for a first STA comprises a first value, (ii) one or more other numbers of STSs intended for one or more other STAs different from the first STA comprise one or more other values, and (iii) the first value of the first number of STSs intended for the first STA is greater than or equal to each of the one or more other values of the one or more other numbers of STSs intended for the one or more other STAs different from the first STA, (4) receiving a third DL communication that (A) is configured to trigger UL transmission by two or more STAs in response to receiving the third DL communication and (B) includes a request that solicits an acknowledgement message from each of the two or more STAs, and (5) after the third DL communication, transmitting a second UL communication comprising a message indicating whether the third DL communication was successfully received by at least the STA, the message transmitted by at least the STA even if at least one other STA of the two or more STAs is transmitting another message indicating whether the third DL communication was successfully received by the at least one other STA of the two or more STAs. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The method of claim 6, wherein at least the first DL communication or the third DL communication indicates whether a subsequent communication is scheduled for communication following communication of at least the first DL communication or the third DL communication, the subsequent communication indicating at least a duration of or a resource allocation of at least a portion of at least one UL transmission, following the subsequent communication, by at least one STA. ### Claim 8 (depends on 6) The method of claim 6, wherein: (1) at least (A) the first value of the first number of STSs intended for the first STA does not include one or more possible values if addition of the one or more possible values to the one or more other values of the one or more other numbers of STSs intended for the one or more other STAs different from the first STA generates a sum that exceeds the total number of STSs of the packet of the second DL communication, or (B) each of the one or more other values of the one or more other numbers of STSs intended for the one or more other STAs different from the first STA is limited to one or more values that each never exceed the first value of the first number of STSs intended for the first STA; and (2) the considering the number of STSs allocated to the one or more STAs having the one or more UP values different from the UP value of the STA is for determining which one or more STSs of a plurality of STSs in the packet of the second DL communication is/are intended for the STA. ### Claim 9 (depends on 6) The method of claim 6, wherein at least the first DL communication or the third DL communication (1) is configured to trigger simultaneous UL transmissions by more than one STA after receiving at least the first DL communication or the third DL communication, and (2) comprises (A) information for identifying the more than one STA for the simultaneous UL transmissions within the period of time after receiving at least the first DL communication or the third DL communication, (B) information useable by the more than one STA for determining a modulation and coding scheme, and (C) a portion including a plurality of user-specific fields indicating a description of resource allocation for simultaneous UL transmission by the more than one STA within the period of time after receiving at least the first DL communication or the third DL communication. ### Claim 10 (depends on 6) The method of claim 6, wherein: (1) at least (A) the transmission of the first UL communication configured to protect the second DL communication comprising the multiuser transmission to the plurality of STAs is based on an end time of the first DL communication that is configured to cause each STA of the plurality of STAs to transmit the first UL communication configured to protect the second DL communication comprising the multiuser transmission to the plurality of STAs, or (B) the first DL communication comprises a first scrambling seed, the first UL communication comprises a second scrambling seed, and the first scrambling seed is the same as or substantially similar to the second scrambling seed; and (2) at least the first DL communication or the third DL communication comprises a description of at least a duration of or a resource allocation of at least a portion of one or more UL transmissions following at least the first DL communication or the third DL communication. ### Claim 11 An access point (AP) for wireless communication, the AP comprising: at least one transceiver; and one or more processors configured to initiate one or more communications utilizing the at least one transceiver, the one or more communications comprising: transmitting a first downlink (DL) communication that (1) includes information for identifying a plurality of stations (STAs) and (2) is configured to cause each STA of the plurality of STAs to transmit a first uplink (UL) communication configured to protect a second DL communication comprising a multiuser transmission to the plurality of STAs; and after receiving the first UL communication, (1) transmitting the second DL communication comprising the multiuser transmission to the plurality of STAs, the multiuser transmission comprising a packet for the plurality of STAs and comprising at least a field useable by at least one STA, wherein the transmitting the second DL communication results in the at least one STA (A) based at least in part on at least the field included in the packet, determining (i) a total number of space-time streams (STSs) included in the packet and (ii) a set of values indicating a number of STSs for each of at least two STAs of the plurality of STAs, wherein at least one of the values in the set of values comprises a value equal to (i) the total number of STSs included in the packet minus (ii) one or more other values in the set of values, and (B) while processing the packet, considering (i) a user position (UP) value of the at least one STA and (ii) a number of STSs allocated to one or more STAs having one or more UP values different from the UP value of the at least one STA, wherein (i) a first number of STSs intended for a first STA comprises a first value, (ii) one or more other numbers of STSs intended for one or more other STAs different from the first STA comprise one or more other values, and (iii) the first value of the first number of STSs intended for the first STA is greater than or equal to each of the one or more other values of the one or more other numbers of STSs intended for the one or more other STAs different from the first STA, (2) transmitting a third DL communication that (A) is configured to trigger UL transmission by two or more STAs in response to receiving the third DL communication and (B) includes a request that solicits an acknowledgement message from each of the two or more STAs, and (3) after the third DL communication, receiving at least a second UL communication comprising a message indicating whether the third DL communication was successfully received by at least the at least one STA, the message from the at least one STA being received by the AP even if at least one other STA of the two or more STAs transmits another message indicating whether the third DL communication was successfully received by the at least one other STA of the two or more STAs. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The AP of claim 11, wherein at least the first DL communication or the third DL communication indicates whether a subsequent communication is scheduled for communication following communication of at least the first DL communication or the third DL communication, the subsequent communication indicating at least a duration of or a resource allocation of at least a portion of at least one UL transmission, following the subsequent communication, by one or more STAs. ### Claim 13 (depends on 11) The AP of claim 11, wherein: (1) at least (A) the first value of the first number of STSs intended for the first STA does not include one or more possible values if addition of the one or more possible values to the one or more other values of the one or more other numbers of STSs intended for the one or more other STAs different from the first STA generates a sum that exceeds the total number of STSs of the packet of the second DL communication, or (B) each of the one or more other values of the one or more other numbers of STSs intended for the one or more other STAs different from the first STA is limited to one or more values that each never exceed the first value of the first number of STSs intended for the first STA; and (2) the considering the number of STSs allocated to the one or more STAs having the one or more UP values different from the UP value of the at least one STA is for determining which one or more STSs of a plurality of STSs in the packet of the second DL communication is/are intended for the at least one STA. ### Claim 14 (depends on 11) The AP of claim 11, wherein at least the first DL communication or the third DL communication (1) is configured to trigger simultaneous UL transmissions by more than one STA after receiving at least the first DL communication or the third DL communication, and (2) comprises (A) information for identifying the more than one STA for the simultaneous UL transmissions within the period of time after receiving at least the first DL communication or the third DL communication, (B) information useable by the more than one STA for determining a modulation and coding scheme, and (C) a portion including a plurality of user-specific fields indicating a description of resource allocation for simultaneous UL transmission by the more than one STA within the period of time after receiving at least the first DL communication or the third DL communication. ### Claim 15 (depends on 11) The AP of claim 11, wherein: (1) at least (A) the transmission of the first UL communication configured to protect the second DL communication comprising the multiuser transmission to the plurality of STAs is based on an end time of the first DL communication that is configured to cause each STA of the plurality of STAs to transmit the first UL communication configured to protect the second DL communication comprising the multiuser transmission to the plurality of STAs, or (B) the first DL communication comprises a first scrambling seed, the first UL communication comprises a second scrambling seed, and the first scrambling seed is the same as or substantially similar to the second scrambling seed; and (2) at least the first DL communication or the third DL communication comprises a description of at least a duration of or a resource allocation of at least a portion of one or more UL transmissions following at least the first DL communication or the third DL communication. ### Claim 16 A method of wireless communication by an access point (AP), the method comprising: transmitting a first downlink (DL) communication that (1) includes information for identifying a plurality of stations (STAs) and (2) is configured to cause each STA of the plurality of STAs to transmit a first uplink (UL) communication configured to protect a second DL communication comprising a multiuser transmission to the plurality of STAs; and after receiving the first UL communication, (1) transmitting the second DL communication comprising the multiuser transmission to the plurality of STAs, the multiuser transmission comprising a packet for the plurality of STAs and comprising at least a field useable by at least one STA, wherein the transmitting the second DL communication results in the at least one STA (A) based at least in part on at least the field included in the packet, determining (i) a total number of space-time streams (STSs) included in the packet and (ii) a set of values indicating a number of STSs for each of at least two STAs of the plurality of STAs, wherein at least one of the values in the set of values comprises a value equal to (i) the total number of STSs included in the packet minus (ii) one or more other values in the set of values, and (B) while processing the packet, considering (i) a user position (UP) value of the at least one STA and (ii) a number of STSs allocated to one or more STAs having one or more UP values different from the UP value of the at least one STA, wherein (i) a first number of STSs intended for a first STA comprises a first value, (ii) one or more other numbers of STSs intended for one or more other STAs different from the first STA comprise one or more other values, and (iii) the first value of the first number of STSs intended for the first STA is greater than or equal to each of the one or more other values of the one or more other numbers of STSs intended for the one or more other STAs different from the first STA, (2) transmitting a third DL communication that (A) is configured to trigger UL transmission by two or more STAs in response to receiving the third DL communication and (B) includes a request that solicits an acknowledgement message from each of the two or more STAs, and (3) after the third DL communication, receiving at least a second UL communication comprising a message indicating whether the third DL communication was successfully received by at least the at least one STA, the message from the at least one STA being received by the AP even if at least one other STA of the two or more STAs transmits another message indicating whether the third DL communication was successfully received by the at least one other STA of the two or more STAs. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The method of claim 16, wherein at least the first DL communication or the third DL communication indicates whether a subsequent communication is scheduled for communication following communication of at least the first DL communication or the third DL communication, the subsequent communication indicating at least a duration of or a resource allocation of at least a portion of at least one UL transmission, following the subsequent communication, by one or more STAs. ### Claim 18 (depends on 16) The method of claim 16, wherein: (1) at least (A) the first value of the first number of STSs intended for the first STA does not include one or more possible values if addition of the one or more possible values to the one or more other values of the one or more other numbers of STSs intended for the one or more other STAs different from the first STA generates a sum that exceeds the total number of STSs of the packet of the second DL communication, or (B) each of the one or more other values of the one or more other numbers of STSs intended for the one or more other STAs different from the first STA is limited to one or more values that each never exceed the first value of the first number of STSs intended for the first STA; and (2) the considering the number of STSs allocated to the one or more STAs having the one or more UP values different from the UP value of the at least one STA is for determining which one or more STSs of a plurality of STSs in the packet of the second DL communication is/are intended for the at least one STA. ### Claim 19 (depends on 16) The method of claim 16, wherein at least the first DL communication or the third DL communication (1) is configured to trigger simultaneous UL transmissions by more than one STA after receiving at least the first DL communication or the third DL communication, and (2) comprises (A) information for identifying the more than one STA for the simultaneous UL transmissions within the period of time after receiving at least the first DL communication or the third DL communication, (B) information useable by the more than one STA for determining a modulation and coding scheme, and (C) a portion including a plurality of user-specific fields indicating a description of resource allocation for simultaneous UL transmission by the more than one STA within the period of time after receiving at least the first DL communication or the third DL communication. ### Claim 20 (depends on 16) The method of claim 16, wherein: (1) at least (A) the transmission of the first UL communication configured to protect the second DL communication comprising the multiuser transmission to the plurality of STAs is based on an end time of the first DL communication that is configured to cause each STA of the plurality of STAs to transmit the first UL communication configured to protect the second DL communication comprising the multiuser transmission to the plurality of STAs, or (B) the first DL communication comprises a first scrambling seed, the first UL communication comprises a second scrambling seed, and the first scrambling seed is the same as or substantially similar to the second scrambling seed; and (2) at least the first DL communication or the third DL communication comprises a description of at least a duration of or a resource allocation of at least a portion of one or more UL transmissions following at least the first DL communication or the third DL communication.