# US 11,445,333 B2 · Systems and methods for multicarrier phasebased localization > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 11,445,333 B2 - Document ID: US11445333B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 17/379,885 - Filed: 2021-07-19 - Published: 2022-01-27 - Granted: 2022-09-13 - Earliest claimed: 2020-07-17 - Assignees: ZaiNar, Inc. - Applicants: ZaiNar, Inc. - Inventors: Jonathan Lu; Mainak Chowdhury; Philip A. Kratz - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11445333B2 ## CPC - H04W 4/029: Location-based management or tracking services - G01S 5/0081: {Transmission between base stations} - G01S 5/0205: {Details} - G01S 5/021: {Calibration, monitoring or correction (G01S5/0252 takes precedence)} - G01S 5/0284: {Relative positioning} - G01S 5/06: Position of source determined by co-ordinating a plurality of position lines defined by path-difference measurements (G01S5/12 takes precedence) - G01S 5/10: Position of receiver fixed by co-ordinating a plurality of position lines defined by path-difference measurements {, e.g. omega or decca systems}(G01S5/12 takes precedence {; beacons and receivers cooperating therewith G01S1/306, G01S1/308}) - H04L 5/0007: {the frequencies being orthogonal, e.g. OFDM(A) or DMT} - H04L 5/0051: {of dedicated pilots, i.e. pilots destined for a single user or terminal} - H04L 5/0053: {Allocation of signalling, i.e. of overhead other than pilot signals} - H04L 27/2613: {Structure of the reference signals} - H04L 27/2675: {Pilot or known symbols} - H04W 56/001: {Synchronization between nodes} - H04W 64/00: Locating users or terminals {or network equipment} for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management - H04L 27/2607: {Cyclic extensions} - H04W: WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS (broadcast communication H04H; communication systems using wireless links for non-selective communication, e.g. wireless extensions H04M1/72) - G01S: RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES - H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M) ## Abstract A method for calculating a time-of-arrival of a multicarrier uplink signal includes: accessing a multicarrier reference signal including a subcarrier reference signal for each subcarrier frequency in a set of subcarrier frequencies; receiving the multicarrier uplink signal transmitted from a user device, the multicarrier uplink signal including a subcarrier uplink signal for each subcarrier frequency in the set of subcarrier frequencies; for each subcarrier frequency in the set of subcarrier frequencies, calculating a phase difference, in a set of phase differences, between the subcarrier reference signal for the subcarrier frequency and a subcarrier uplink signal for the subcarrier frequency; calculating a time-of-arrival of the multicarrier uplink signal at the transceiver based on the set of adjusted phase differences; and transmitting the time-of-arrival of the multicarrier uplink signal to a remote server. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method for calculating a time-of-arrival of a multicarrier uplink signal: accessing a multicarrier reference signal: defining a set of subcarrier frequencies; and comprising a subcarrier reference signal for each subcarrier frequency in the set of subcarrier frequencies; receiving the multicarrier uplink signal transmitted from a user device, the multicarrier uplink signal: defining the set of subcarrier frequencies; and comprising a subcarrier uplink signal for each subcarrier frequency in the set of subcarrier frequencies; accessing a calibration function for the transceiver representing a relationship between subcarrier frequency and phase offset; for each subcarrier frequency in the set of subcarrier frequencies: calculating a phase difference between the subcarrier reference signal for the subcarrier frequency and a subcarrier uplink signal for the subcarrier frequency; and adjusting the phase difference by a frequency-dependent phase offset based on the subcarrier frequency and the calibration function of the transceiver to generate an adjusted phase difference in a set of adjusted phase differences; for each pair of subcarrier frequencies in the set of subcarrier frequencies, calculating a time-of-arrival estimate in a set of time-of-arrival estimates based on: a first phase difference for a first subcarrier frequency in the pair of subcarrier frequencies; and a second phase difference for a second subcarrier frequency in the pair of subcarrier frequencies; calculating a time-of-arrival of the multicarrier uplink signal at the transceiver based on the set of time-of-arrival estimates; and transmitting the time-of-arrival of the multicarrier uplink signal to a remote server. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein calculating the time-of-arrival of the multicarrier uplink signal at the transceiver comprises calculating an average of the set of time-of-arrival estimates. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein receiving the multicarrier uplink signal comprises receiving a copy of the multicarrier reference signal up-converted by a radio frequency carrier signal and transmitted by the user device over a wireless channel. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein receiving the multicarrier uplink signal comprises receiving a sounding reference signal in a wireless telecommunication protocol transmitted by the user device. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting the time-of-arrival of the multicarrier uplink signal to the remote server comprises transmitting the time-of-arrival of the multicarrier uplink signal to a location management server configured to calculate a location of the user device via multilateration and based on a set of times-of-arrival of the multicarrier uplink signal at a set of transceivers comprising the transceiver, the set of times-of-arrival comprising the time-of-arrival of the multicarrier uplink signal at the transceiver. ### Claim 6 A transceiver for calculating a time-of-arrival of a multicarrier signal, configured to: access a multicarrier reference signal: defining a set of subcarrier frequencies; and comprising a subcarrier reference signal for each subcarrier frequency in the set of subcarrier frequencies; receive a multicarrier uplink signal transmitted from a user device, the multicarrier uplink signal: defining the set of subcarrier frequencies; and comprising a subcarrier uplink signal for each subcarrier frequency in the set of subcarrier frequencies; access a calibration function for the transceiver representing a relationship between subcarrier frequency and phase offset; for each subcarrier frequency in the set of subcarrier frequencies: calculate a phase difference between the subcarrier reference signal for the subcarrier frequency and a subcarrier uplink signal for the subcarrier frequency; and adjust the phase difference by a frequency-dependent phase offset based on the subcarrier frequency and the calibration function of the transceiver to generate an adjusted phase difference in a set of adjusted phase differences; for each pair of subcarrier frequencies in the set of subcarrier frequencies, calculate a time-of-arrival estimate in a set of time-of-arrival estimates based on: a first phase difference for a first subcarrier frequency in the pair of subcarrier frequencies; and a second phase difference for a second subcarrier frequency in the pair of subcarrier frequencies; calculate a time-of-arrival of the multicarrier uplink signal at the transceiver based on the set of time-of-arrival estimates; and transmit the time-of-arrival of the multicarrier uplink signal to a remote server. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The transceiver of claim 6, configured to calculate the time-of-arrival estimate in the set of time-of-arrival estimates for each pair of subcarrier frequencies in the set of subcarrier frequencies by solving for τm+τu,m in: τ m + τ u , m ≅ - θ adj , n 1 , m - θ adj , n 2 , m 2 ⁢ π ⁡ ( f n 1 - f n 2 ) , wherein τm+τu,m represents the time-of-arrival estimate, θadj,n1,m represents the first phase difference for the first subcarrier frequency, θadj,n2,m represents the second phase difference for the second subcarrier frequency, ƒn1 represents the first subcarrier frequency, and ƒn2 represents the second subcarrier frequency. ### Claim 8 (depends on 6) The transceiver of claim 6, configured to calculate the time-of-arrival of the multicarrier uplink signal at the transceiver based on the set of time-of-arrival estimates by calculating an average of the set of time-of-arrival estimates. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The transceiver of claim 8, configured to calculate the average of the set of time-of-arrival estimates by calculating a weighted average of the set of time-of-arrival estimates based on, for each time-of-arrival estimate in the set of time-of-arrival estimates: a first phase distortion associated with the first subcarrier frequency for the time-of-arrival estimate; and a second phase distortion associated with the second subcarrier frequency for the time-of-arrival estimate. ### Claim 10 (depends on 6) The transceiver of claim 6, further configured to transmit the set of time-of-arrival estimates to the remote server. ### Claim 11 (depends on 6) The transceiver of claim 6, further configured to receive the multicarrier uplink signal comprising an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexed signal. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The transceiver of claim 11, configured to calculate the phase difference between the subcarrier reference signal for the subcarrier frequency and the subcarrier uplink signal for the subcarrier frequency by calculating the phase difference between the subcarrier reference signal for the subcarrier frequency and the subcarrier uplink signal for the subcarrier frequency, based on for each symbol of the subcarrier uplink signal, a sampling window comprising a terminal portion of a cyclic prefix of the symbol and excluding a terminal region of the symbol. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The transceiver of claim 12, further configured to: calculate a duration of the terminal portion of the cyclic prefix based on a delay spread of the received subcarrier frequency; and calculate a duration of the terminal region of the symbol based on a roll-off factor of the user device. ### Claim 14 (depends on 6) The transceiver of claim 6, further configured to: receiving a calibration signal: transmitted from a calibration device at a known distance from the transceiver; defining the set of subcarrier frequencies; and comprising a calibration subcarrier signal for each subcarrier frequency in the set of subcarrier frequencies; for each subcarrier frequency in the set of subcarrier frequencies: calculate an expected calibration phase difference between the calibration subcarrier signal for the subcarrier frequency and the subcarrier reference signal for the subcarrier frequency based on the known distance; calculate an actual calibration phase difference between the calibration subcarrier signal for the subcarrier frequency and the subcarrier reference signal for the subcarrier frequency; and calculate a frequency-dependent phase offset for the subcarrier frequency in a set of frequency dependent phase offsets based on a difference between the expected calibration phase difference and the actual calibration phase difference; and generating the calibration function based on the set of frequency-dependent phase offsets. ### Claim 15 A method for calculating a time-of-arrival of a multicarrier uplink signal: accessing a multicarrier reference signal: defining a set of subcarrier frequencies; and comprising a subcarrier reference signal for each subcarrier frequency in the set of subcarrier frequencies; receiving a copy of the multicarrier uplink signal up-converted by a radio frequency carrier signal and transmitted by a user device over a wireless channel, the multicarrier uplink signal: defining the set of subcarrier frequencies; and comprising a subcarrier uplink signal for each subcarrier frequency in the set of subcarrier frequencies; accessing a calibration function for the transceiver representing a relationship between subcarrier frequency and phase offset; for each subcarrier frequency in the set of subcarrier frequencies: calculating a phase difference between the subcarrier reference signal for the subcarrier frequency and a subcarrier uplink signal for the subcarrier frequency; and adjusting the phase difference by a frequency-dependent phase offset based on the subcarrier frequency and the calibration function of the transceiver to generate an adjusted phase difference in a set of adjusted phase differences; calculating a time-of-arrival of the multicarrier uplink signal at the transceiver based on the set of adjusted phase differences; and transmitting the time-of-arrival of the multicarrier uplink signal to a remote server. ### Claim 16 A method for calculating a time-of-arrival of a multicarrier uplink signal: accessing a multicarrier reference signal: defining a set of subcarrier frequencies; and comprising a subcarrier reference signal for each subcarrier frequency in the set of subcarrier frequencies; receiving the multicarrier uplink signal transmitted from a user device, the multicarrier uplink signal: comprising sounding reference signal in a wireless telecommunication protocol transmitted by the user device; defining the set of subcarrier frequencies; and comprising a subcarrier uplink signal for each subcarrier frequency in the set of subcarrier frequencies; accessing a calibration function for the transceiver representing a relationship between subcarrier frequency and phase offset; for each subcarrier frequency in the set of subcarrier frequencies: calculating a phase difference between the subcarrier reference signal for the subcarrier frequency and a subcarrier uplink signal for the subcarrier frequency; and adjusting the phase difference by a frequency-dependent phase offset based on the subcarrier frequency and the calibration function of the transceiver to generate an adjusted phase difference in a set of adjusted phase differences; calculating a time-of-arrival of the multicarrier uplink signal at the transceiver based on the set of adjusted phase differences; and transmitting the time-of-arrival of the multicarrier uplink signal to a remote server. ### Claim 17 A method for calculating a time-of-arrival of a multicarrier uplink signal: accessing a multicarrier reference signal: defining a set of subcarrier frequencies; and comprising a subcarrier reference signal for each subcarrier frequency in the set of subcarrier frequencies; receiving the multicarrier uplink signal transmitted from a user device, the multicarrier uplink signal: defining the set of subcarrier frequencies; and comprising a subcarrier uplink signal for each subcarrier frequency in the set of subcarrier frequencies; accessing a calibration function for the transceiver representing a relationship between subcarrier frequency and phase offset; for each subcarrier frequency in the set of subcarrier frequencies: calculating a phase difference between the subcarrier reference signal for the subcarrier frequency and a subcarrier uplink signal for the subcarrier frequency; and adjusting the phase difference by a frequency-dependent phase offset based on the subcarrier frequency and the calibration function of the transceiver to generate an adjusted phase difference in a set of adjusted phase differences; calculating a time-of-arrival of the multicarrier uplink signal at the transceiver based on the set of adjusted phase differences; and transmitting the time-of-arrival of the multicarrier uplink signal to a location management server configured to calculate a location of the user device via multilateration and based on a set of times-of-arrival of the multicarrier uplink signal at a set of transceivers comprising the transceiver, the set of times-of-arrival comprising the time-of-arrival of the multicarrier uplink signal at the transceiver.