# US 11,445,279 B2 · Air-pulse generating device and sound producing method thereof > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 11,445,279 B2 - Document ID: US11445279B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 17/553,813 - Filed: 2021-12-17 - Published: 2022-07-14 - Granted: 2022-09-13 - Earliest claimed: 2021-01-14 - Assignees: xMEMS Labs, Inc. - Applicants: xMEMS Labs, Inc. - Inventors: Jemm Yue Liang; Wen-Chien Chen; Jye Ren - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11445279B2 ## CPC - H04R 1/02: Casings; Cabinets {; Supports therefor;} Mountings therein (H04R1/28 takes precedence {; attachments for microphones H04R1/08; mounting of transducers in earpieces H04R1/1075}) - H04R 7/06: comprising a plurality of sections or layers - G10K 15/04: Sound-producing devices (G10K15/02 takes precedence) - H04R 7/04: Plane diaphragms - H04R 7/122: {comprising a plurality of sections or layers} - H04R 17/00: Piezoelectric transducers; Electrostrictive transducers (piezoelectric or electrostrictive elements in general H10N30/00; details of piezoelectric or electrostrictive motors, generators or positioners {H10N30/00}) - H04R 2201/003: Mems transducers or their use - H04R 2217/03: Parametric transducers where sound is generated or captured by the acoustic demodulation of amplitude modulated ultrasonic waves - H04R 2400/00: Loudspeakers - H04R 2400/11: Aspects regarding the frame of loudspeaker transducers - H04R 2400/13: Use or details of compression drivers - H04R 2499/11: Transducers incorporated or for use in hand-held devices, e.g. mobile phones, PDA's, camera's - H04R: LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS (producing sounds with frequency not determined by supply frequency G10K) - G10K: SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR ## Abstract An air-pulse generating device includes a membrane structure, a valve structure, and a cover structure. A chamber is formed between the membrane structure, the valve structure and the cover structure. An air wave vibrating at an operating frequency is formed within the chamber. The valve structure is configured to be actuated to perform an open-and-close movement to form at least one opening. The at least one opening connects air inside the chamber with air outside the chamber. The open-and-close movement is synchronous with the operating frequency. ## Claims ### Claim 1 An air-pulse generating device, comprising: a membrane structure and a valve structure; a cover structure, wherein a chamber is formed between the membrane structure, the valve structure and the cover structure; wherein an air wave vibrating at an operating frequency is formed within the chamber; wherein the valve structure is configured to be actuated to perform an open-and-close movement to form at least one opening, the at least one opening connects air inside the chamber with air outside the chamber; wherein the open-and-close movement is synchronous with the operating frequency; wherein the air-pulse generating device produces an acoustic sound according to an input audio signal; wherein the air wave within the chamber, generated by the membrane structure, comprises an amplitude-modulated waveform corresponding to a carrier component with the operating frequency and a modulation component corresponding to the input audio signal. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The air-pulse generating device of claim 1, wherein the membrane structure is configured to be actuated to produce the air wave according to a membrane driving signal, the membrane driving signal comprises a pulse-amplitude modulated signal, the pulse-amplitude modulated signal is generated according to the input audio signal. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The air-pulse generating device of claim 1, wherein the membrane structure comprises a first membrane portion and a second membrane portion; the first membrane portion and the second membrane portion are configured to be simultaneously actuated according to a first membrane driving signal and a second membrane driving signal, so as to produce the air wave. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The air-pulse generating device of claim 3, wherein the first membrane driving signal comprises a first pulse-amplitude modulated signal, the first pulse-amplitude modulated signal comprises a plurality of first pulses temporally distributed according to the operating frequency; the second membrane driving signal comprises a second pulse-amplitude modulated signal, the second pulse-amplitude modulated signal comprises a plurality of second pulses temporally distributed according to the operating frequency. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The air-pulse generating device of claim 4, wherein a first transition edge of the first pulses temporally coincides with a second transition edge of the second pulses. ### Claim 6 (depends on 4) The air-pulse generating device of claim 4, wherein the first pulses and the second pulses are temporally interleaved. ### Claim 7 (depends on 3) The air-pulse generating device of claim 3, wherein a sum of the first membrane driving signal and the second membrane driving signal is constant. ### Claim 8 An air-pulse generating device, comprising: a membrane structure and a valve structure; a cover structure, wherein a chamber is formed between the membrane structure, the valve structure and the cover structure; wherein an air wave vibrating at an operating frequency is formed within the chamber; wherein the valve structure is configured to be actuated to perform an open-and-close movement to form at least one opening, the at least one opening connects air inside the chamber with air outside the chamber; wherein the open-and-close movement is synchronous with the operating frequency; wherein the membrane structure generates a pressure gradient with a pressure-gradient direction within the chamber during an interval; wherein the interval is within a half of an operating cycle; wherein the operating cycle is a reciprocal of the operating frequency. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The air-pulse generating device of claim 8, wherein the pressure-gradient direction of the pressure gradient generated by the membrane structure is substantially parallel to the membrane structure. ### Claim 10 (depends on 8) The air-pulse generating device of claim 8, wherein the membrane structure comprises a first membrane portion and a second membrane portion; during the interval, the first membrane portion is actuated to compress a first part of the chamber and the second membrane portion is actuated to expand a second part of the chamber, such that the pressure gradient is formed in the pressure-gradient direction from the first part to the second part. ### Claim 11 (depends on 8) The air-pulse generating device of claim 8, wherein the membrane structure generates a first air pressure gradient at a location within the chamber during a first interval within a first half of an operating cycle; the membrane structure generates a second air pressure gradient at the location within the chamber during a second interval within a second half of the operating cycle; the first air pressure gradient and the second air pressure gradient have opposite directions; the operating cycle is a reciprocal of the operating frequency. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The air-pulse generating device of claim 11, wherein a first magnitude of the first air pressure gradient and a second magnitude of the second air pressure gradient are substantially the same. ### Claim 13 An air-pulse generating device, comprising: a membrane structure and a valve structure; a cover structure, wherein a chamber is formed between the membrane structure, the valve structure and the cover structure; wherein an air wave vibrating at an operating frequency is formed within the chamber; wherein the valve structure is configured to be actuated to perform an open-and-close movement to form at least one opening, the at least one opening connects air inside the chamber with air outside the chamber; wherein the open-and-close movement is synchronous with the operating frequency; wherein the membrane structure comprises a membrane portion configured to be actuated to produce a membrane movement with a membrane movement direction; wherein a pressure gradient with a pressure gradient direction is produced due to the membrane movement; wherein the membrane movement direction and the pressure gradient direction are substantially perpendicular to each other. ### Claim 14 A sound producing method, applied in an air-pulse generating device, the method comprising: forming an air wave within a chamber, wherein the air wave vibrates at an operating frequency, and the chamber is formed within the air-pulse generating device; and forming at least one opening on the air-pulse generating device at an opening frequency, wherein the at least one opening connects air inside the chamber with air outside the chamber; wherein the opening frequency is synchronous with the operating frequency; wherein the step of forming the air wave at the operating frequency comprises: forming an amplitude-modulated waveform according to an input audio signal; wherein the amplitude-modulated waveform comprises a carrier component with the operating frequency and a modulation component corresponding to the input audio signal. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The sound producing method of claim 14, wherein the air-pulse generating device comprises a membrane structure, and the step of forming the air wave at the operating frequency comprises: driving the membrane structure by a membrane driving signal, so as to produce the air wave; wherein the membrane driving signal comprises a pulse-amplitude modulated signal generated according to the input audio signal. ### Claim 16 (depends on 14) The sound producing method of claim 14, wherein the air-pulse generating device comprises a membrane structure, the membrane structure comprises a first membrane portion and a second membrane portion, and the step of forming the air wave at the operating frequency comprises: driving the first membrane portion by a first membrane driving signal; driving the second membrane portion by a second membrane driving signal; wherein the air wave is produced by simultaneously driving the first membrane portion by the first membrane driving signal and the second membrane portion by the second membrane driving signal. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The sound producing method of claim 16, further comprising: generating the first membrane driving signal according to the input audio signal, wherein the first membrane driving signal comprises a first pulse-amplitude modulated signal, the first pulse-amplitude modulated signal comprises a plurality of first pulses temporally distributed according to the operating frequency; generating the second membrane driving signal according to the input audio signal, wherein the second membrane driving signal comprises a second pulse-amplitude modulated signal, the second pulse-amplitude modulated signal comprises a plurality of second pulses temporally distributed according to the operating frequency. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The sound producing method of claim 17, comprising: generating the first pulse-amplitude modulated signal and generating the second pulse-amplitude modulated signal, wherein a first transition edge of the first pulses temporally coincides with a second transition edge of the second pulses. ### Claim 19 (depends on 17) The sound producing method of claim 17, comprising: generating the first pulse-amplitude modulated signal and generating the second pulse-amplitude modulated signal, wherein the first pulses and the second pulses are temporally interleaved. ### Claim 20 (depends on 17) The sound producing method of claim 17, comprising: generating the first pulse-amplitude modulated signal and generating the second pulse-amplitude modulated signal, wherein a sum of the first membrane driving signal and the second membrane driving signal is constant. ### Claim 21 A sound producing method, applied in an air-pulse generating device, the method comprising: forming an air wave within a chamber, wherein the air wave vibrates at an operating frequency, and the chamber is formed within the air-pulse generating device; and forming at least one opening on the air-pulse generating device at an opening frequency, wherein the at least one opening connects air inside the chamber with air outside the chamber; wherein the opening frequency is synchronous with the operating frequency; wherein the air-pulse generating device comprises a membrane structure, and the step of forming the air wave at the operating frequency comprises: generating a pressure gradient with a pressure-gradient direction, via the membrane structure, within the chamber; wherein the pressure-gradient direction of the pressure gradient generated by the membrane structure is substantially parallel to the membrane structure. ### Claim 22 (depends on 21) The sound producing method of claim 21, wherein the step of generating the pressure gradient with the pressure-gradient direction within the chamber comprises: generating the pressure gradient with the pressure-gradient direction within the chamber during an interval; wherein the interval is within a half of an operating cycle; wherein the operating cycle is a reciprocal of the operating frequency. ### Claim 23 (depends on 21) The sound producing method of claim 21, wherein the membrane structure comprises a first membrane portion and a second membrane portion, and the step of generating the pressure gradient with the pressure-gradient direction comprises: compressing a first part of the chamber by actuating the first membrane portion during an interval; expanding a second part of the chamber by actuating the second membrane portion during the interval; wherein the pressure-gradient direction is from the first part to the second part. ### Claim 24 (depends on 21) The sound producing method of claim 21, wherein the step of forming the air wave at the operating frequency comprises: the membrane structure generating a first air pressure gradient at a location within the chamber during a first interval within a first half of an operating cycle; the membrane structure generating a second air pressure gradient at the location within the chamber during a second interval within a second half of the operating cycle; wherein the first air pressure gradient and the second air pressure gradient have opposite directions; wherein the operating cycle is a reciprocal of the operating frequency. ### Claim 25 (depends on 24) The sound producing method of claim 24, comprising: generating the first air pressure gradient with a first magnitude and the second first air pressure gradient with a second magnitude; wherein the first magnitude of the first air pressure gradient and the second magnitude of the second air pressure gradient are substantially the same. ### Claim 26 A sound producing method, applied in an air-pulse generating device, the method comprising: forming an air wave within a chamber, wherein the air wave vibrates at an operating frequency, and the chamber is formed within the air-pulse generating device; and forming at least one opening on the air-pulse generating device at an opening frequency, wherein the at least one opening connects air inside the chamber with air outside the chamber; wherein the opening frequency is synchronous with the operating frequency; wherein the air-pulse generating device comprises a membrane structure, and the step of forming the air wave at the operating frequency comprises: actuating a membrane structure to produce a membrane movement with a membrane movement direction, such that a pressure gradient is formed; wherein the pressure gradient with a pressure gradient direction is produced due to the membrane movement; wherein the membrane movement direction and a pressure gradient direction are substantially perpendicular to each other. ### Claim 27 (depends on 1) The air-pulse generating device of claim 1, wherein the membrane structure comprises a first membrane portion; wherein the first membrane portion is actuated according to a first membrane driving signal; wherein the first membrane driving signal comprises pulses with alternating polarities; wherein the polarities corresponding to the pulses alternate with respect to a constant voltage. ### Claim 28 (depends on 27) The air-pulse generating device of claim 27, wherein the membrane structure comprises a second membrane portion; wherein the first membrane portion and the second membrane portion are actuated according to the first membrane driving signal. ### Claim 29 (depends on 14) The sound producing method of claim 14, wherein the air-pulse generating device comprises a first membrane portion, and the step of forming the air wave comprises: driving the first membrane portion by a first membrane driving signal, so as to produce the air wave; wherein the first membrane driving signal comprises pulses with alternating polarities; wherein the polarities corresponding to the pulses alternate with respect to a constant voltage. ### Claim 30 (depends on 29) The sound producing method of claim 29, wherein the membrane structure comprises a second membrane portion, and the step of forming the air wave at the operating frequency comprises: driving the second membrane portion by the first membrane driving signal, so as to produce the air wave.