# US 11,444,828 B2 · Identifying border gateway protocol (BGP) anomalies at scale > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 11,444,828 B2 - Document ID: US11444828B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 16/788,422 - Filed: 2020-02-12 - Published: 2021-08-12 - Granted: 2022-09-13 - Earliest claimed: 2020-02-12 - Assignees: Ciena Corporation - Applicants: Ciena Corporation - Inventors: Anurag Prakash; Varneet Johal - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11444828B2 ## CPC - H04L 41/50: Network service management, e.g. ensuring proper service fulfilment according to agreements - H04L 41/065: {involving logical or physical relationship, e.g. grouping and hierarchies} - H04L 41/0654: using network fault recovery (ring fault isolation or reconfiguration in loop networks without recovery actions by a network management system H04L12/437) - H04L 41/0661: {by reconfiguring faulty entities} - H04L 41/0894: Policy-based network configuration management - H04L 41/142: using statistical or mathematical methods - H04L 45/08: {Learning-based routing, e.g. using neural networks or artificial intelligence} - H04Q 11/0066: {Provisions for optical burst or packet networks} - H04Q 2011/0083: {Testing; Monitoring} - H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M) - H04Q: SELECTING (switches, relays, selectors H01H; wireless communication networks H04W) ## Abstract Systems and methods for enhancing the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) are provided. In one implementation, a computer-readable medium comprises instructions that, when executed, cause a network element to perform the steps of maintaining and tracking states of multiple Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) peers and routes while operating BGP within one or more Autonomous Systems. The instructions further cause the network element to detect one or more anomalies, based on the maintaining and tracking, as a number of the multiple BGP peers and/or routes scale in the one or more Autonomous Systems. Also, the instructions cause the network element to cause the processing of one or more remedial actions based on the one or more detected anomalies. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising instructions that, when executed, cause a network element to perform the steps of: maintaining and tracking states of multiple Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) peers and routes while operating BGP within one or more Autonomous Systems; detecting one or more anomalies of a plurality of anomalies, based on the maintaining and tracking, as a number of any of the multiple BGP peers and routes scale in the one or more Autonomous Systems; and causing processing of one or more remedial actions that is one of a plurality of remedial actions that are selected based on the one or more detected anomalies for alleviation thereof. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 1, wherein the one or more anomalies are network issues directly related to scaling the one or more Autonomous Systems beyond a scale threshold. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 2, wherein the one or more anomalies beyond the scale threshold result in positive feedback loops further leading to convergence issues. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 1, wherein the plurality of remedial actions include any of clustering a number of peers that can be represented by a dominant peer, de-bouncing, discarding, backpressure, and dampening a subset of network elements within the one or more Autonomous Systems. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 1, wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the network element to perform the step of tracing behavior to find a root cause of an anomaly based on scaling the one or more Autonomous Systems. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 1, wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the network element to perform the step of data labelling and parameterization to identify the one or more anomalies based on a scale of the one or more Autonomous Systems. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 6, wherein the plurality of anomalies include any of prolonged route update processing, repeated neighbor route update processing, re-announcement of BGP neighbor processing, and BGP neighbor session flap processing. ### Claim 8 (depends on 6) The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 6, wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the network element to perform the step of filtering or tracing the network element to detect information characterized by the data labelling and parameterization. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 8, wherein the detected information includes at least one of event queue statistics, BGP neighbor FSM transitions, and Keep-Alive statistics. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 1, wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the network element to perform the steps of receiving feedback from a Software Defined Networking (SDN) device or Networking Monitoring System (NMS) that monitor parameters to enable the network element to self-adapt based on the scale of the one or more Autonomous Systems and the multiple BGP peers. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 1, wherein the number of the multiple BGP peers is greater than about 500 for a large scale and the number of the multiple BGP peers is less than about 100 for a small scale. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 1, wherein the number of routes is greater than about 500 k for a large scale and the number of routes is less than about 16 k for a small scale. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 1, wherein the states are maintained by a Finite State Machine (FSM) that includes a plurality of states. ### Claim 14 A network element having ports and circuitry configured to maintain and track states of multiple Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) peers and routes while operating BGP over one or more of the ports within one or more Autonomous Systems, detect one or more anomalies of a plurality of anomalies, based on the maintaining and tracking, as a number of any of the multiple BGP peers and routes scale in the one or more Autonomous Systems, and cause processing of one or more remedial actions that is one of a plurality of remedial actions that are selected based on the one or more detected anomalies for alleviation thereof. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The network element of claim 14, wherein the one or more anomalies are network issues directly related to scaling the one or more Autonomous Systems beyond a scale threshold. ### Claim 16 (depends on 14) The network element of claim 14, wherein the network element provides optical to layer 3 functions including router functions. ### Claim 17 (depends on 14) The network element of claim 14, wherein the number of the multiple BGP peers is greater than about 500 for a large scale and the number of the multiple BGP peers is less than about 100 for a small scale, and wherein the number of routes is greater than about 500 k for the large scale and the number of routes is less than about 16 k for the small scale. ### Claim 18 (depends on 14) The network element of claim 14, wherein the one or more anomalies beyond the scale threshold result in positive feedback loops or convergence issues, and wherein the plurality of remedial actions include any of clustering a number of peers that can be represented by a dominant peer, de-bouncing, discarding, backpressure, and dampening a subset of network elements within the one or more Autonomous Systems. ### Claim 19 A method comprising: maintaining and tracking states of multiple Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) peers and routes while operating BGP within one or more Autonomous Systems, detecting one or more anomalies of a plurality of anomalies, based on the maintaining and tracking, as a number of any of the multiple BGP peers and routes scale in the one or more Autonomous Systems, and cause processing of one or more remedial actions that is one of a plurality of remedial actions that are selected based on the one or more detected anomalies for alleviation thereof. ### Claim 20 (depends on 19) The method of claim 19, wherein the plurality of remedial actions include any of clustering a number of peers that can be represented by a dominant peer, de-bouncing, discarding, backpressure, and dampening a subset of network elements within the one or more Autonomous Systems.